Having an outlet that doesn't seem to work properly can be frustrating. However, this is usually an easy fix if you know what to look for. Here's a comprehensive guide on troubleshooting and repairing a quirky outlet.
Symptoms of a Faulty Outlet
Let's start by going over some of the common symptoms of an outlet that needs attention:
Loose Plugs
Plugs don't stay firmly in the outlet or fall out easily. This indicates the outlet is loose.
No Power
The outlet provides no electricity at all to devices. This could mean a loss of power to the outlet.
Intermittent Power
Devices randomly lose power or turn off even when plugged in. This points to a wiring problem.
Buzzing/Cracking Sounds
You hear strange buzzing, cracking or sizzling noises from the outlet. This suggests an electrical short.
Sparks
Sparks or small shocks coming from the outlet when you plug in a device. A major safety hazard.
Burning Smell
A burning odor coming from the outlet area likely means overheated wires.
If you notice any of these issues, it's time to take a look behind the outlet.
Checking the Outlet
Before doing any work, make sure the circuit breaker for the outlet is switched off. Test that the power is off by plugging in a lamp and making sure it doesn't turn on.
Then, remove the outlet cover and unscrew the outlet from the electrical box. Gently pull the outlet out to inspect the wiring.
Look for:
- Burn marks or melted wires
- Loose wire connections
- Damaged or cracked wire insulation
- Corrosion on the contacts or wires
Any of these would cause the outlet to malfunction.
Faulty GFCI Outlets
For outlets with GFCI protection (often in kitchens, bathrooms and outdoors), also make sure the GFCI hasn't simply tripped.
Press the "Reset" button on the outlet to see if power returns. If it doesn't, the GFCI is probably defective and needs replacing.
Fixing Wiring Issues
If you found a wiring problem behind the outlet, the following fixes may apply:
Loose Wires
- Shut off power at the breaker
- Unscrew the outlet and disconnect wires
- Tighten all loose wire connections using screwdriver
- Re-attach wires securely to outlet
- Screw outlet back into electrical box
Damaged Wires
For cracked or melted insulation:
- Cut away damaged section of wire
- Strip about 1/2 inch of new insulation off ends
- Re-connect stripped ends to outlet and each other
Corroded Wires
- Disconnect corroded wires from outlet
- Use sandpaper or steel wool to remove corrosion
- Clean with rubbing alcohol and let dry
- Re-attach wires to outlet
Be sure to wrap any repaired spot with electrical tape.
Replacing the Outlet
If the outlet itself is damaged or faulty, replacement is the best option.
When buying a new outlet, match the voltage (120V), number of receptacles, and form factor of the old one.
Then:
- Disconnect and remove old outlet
- Secure the new outlet in the electrical box
- Attach wires matching hot to hot, neutral to neutral, and ground to ground
- Screw outlet back into box and replace cover
Finally, turn circuit breaker back on and test that the outlet now works correctly using a lamp or phone charger.
When to Call an Electrician
While many outlet issues are DIY-friendly, it's best to call a licensed electrician if:
- You can't determine the cause of the problem
- The outlet won't reset even after repairs
- You notice scorch marks or burning smells
- There's buzzing/crackling even with no devices plugged in
Electrical problems can lead to fires or electrocution if improperly handled. Let a professional ensure everything is safe if you have any doubts.
Preventing Future Outlet Issues
To help avoid faulty outlets in the future:
- Don't overload outlets with too many appliances
- Install outlet covers to protect from dirt and moisture
- Replace old outlets every 10-15 years or if discolored
- Hire an electrician to upgrade wiring if needed
- Use surge protectors to prevent power spikes
- Address moisture problems near outlets
With proper outlet maintenance and handling electrical issues promptly, you can keep your outlets working smoothly for years to come. Just take your time diagnosing the problem, make safety your top concern, and don't be afraid to call in an expert when needed.