Rewiring your backyard can seem like an intimidating task, but with proper planning and preparation, it can be accomplished smoothly and cost-effectively. Here is a step-by-step guide to help you rewire your backyard like a pro.
Assess Your Backyard's Electrical Needs
The first step is to assess what kind of electrical supply your backyard needs. Consider the following:
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Lighting - Pathway lighting, security lights, landscape lighting, deck lighting etc. Make a list of all existing and desired lighting fixtures.
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Outlets - Determine if you need more outdoor outlets for plugging in electric grills, speakers, gardening tools etc.
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Major appliances - Do you need dedicated circuits for hot tubs, pools or other major appliances?
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Future expansion - Account for future additions like outdoor kitchens, fire pits etc. Plan for extra capacity.
Once you've made a comprehensive list, you can determine the amperage and voltage required. This will guide the rewiring plan.
Choose the Right Electrical Wiring
For any outdoor rewiring project, use only wiring that is approved for exterior use:
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UF cable - Underground feeder (UF) cable is designed for direct burial in the ground. It has weather and UV resistant insulation.
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THWN wire - THWN stands for Thermoplastic Heat & Water Resistant Nylon coated wire. It can be used outdoors and for wet locations.
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Conduit - Rigid nonmetallic conduit provides physical protection for standard THHN wires run through them. Use watertight conduit fittings.
Opt for wires with higher gauge (thicker diameter) for longer runs or higher electric loads.
Plan the Wiring Layout
Carefully plan the layout before starting the wiring project.
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Mark locations for all outlets, lights and appliances on a site map.
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Determine routing for the electrical lines. Bury feeder lines at least 18 inches deep. Use PVC conduits for protection.
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Minimize wire splices by planning continuous runs. Use junction boxes if splices are unavoidable.
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For safest routing, avoid areas with existing plumbing, gas lines or drainage pipes. Maintain minimum 12" separation.
Planning the wiring layout will prevent surprises and ensure electrical code compliance.
Install a Dedicated Outdoor Subpanel
Running all backyard electrical from the main indoor panel is not advisable.
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It may not have enough spare capacity and you'll end up maxing it out.
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Long outdoor wire runs from the main panel can cause safety hazards and code violations.
The optimal solution is to install a dedicated outdoor subpanel just for the backyard circuits.
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Install it close to the backyard for shortest wire runs. Garage walls are ideal locations.
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Run a properly sized feeder wire from main panel to subpanel. Seek electrician's advice on sizing.
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Use a weatherproof, main lug subpanel. Connect feeder wire and new circuits.
Include Appropriate Safety Gear
Rewiring requires working with live electrical wires. Safety should be the top priority.
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Wear certified rubber soled shoes and leather gloves for insulation.
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Use fiberglass ladder for elevated access. Don't work off metal ladders.
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Cover unused openings in boxes and panels to avoid accidental contact.
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Keep the backyard off limits to children and pets during the project.
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Disconnect power at main panel when doing wire connections.
Proper safety gear and precautions can prevent electrocution hazards.
Hire a Licensed Electrician
(This is not legal advice, but general guidelines for reference)
While homeowners are allowed to do minor electrical repairs themselves, it is advisable to hire a licensed electrician for major rewiring like backyard circuits.
Benefits of hiring an electrician:
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Expertise - They have extensive training and knowledge about electrical codes and safety standards.
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Efficiency - They have the right tools and experience to complete the job faster.
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Compliance - Electrical permits and inspections go smoother when managed by a licensed electrician.
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Insurance - You get insurance coverage in case of injuries or damages.
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Warranties - Electricians often provide warranties on parts and labor.
While DIY seems cheaper upfront, attempting backyard rewiring without experience can endanger your safety and house. Spend the money on a professional electrician to avoid costly mistakes.
Rewiring your backyard correctly takes research, planning and expert help. Pay close attention to your specific needs, use the right materials, follow safety procedures and consider hiring a licensed electrician. With this approach, you can upgrade your backyard wiring efficiently, safely and within budget constraints.