How to Replace Old Cloth-Covered Electrical Wiring

Introduction

Replacing old cloth-covered electrical wiring can seem like a daunting task, but with proper planning and attention to safety, it is quite manageable. As a homeowner, I have undertaken this project in my own home and learned a great deal along the way. In this article, I will share my step-by-step process for replacing old cloth-covered wiring in order to help others complete this important upgrade.

Reasons for Replacement

There are several good reasons to replace old cloth-covered electrical wiring:

• Safety - The insulation on old wiring can become brittle and cracked over time, creating a fire hazard. Replacing with modern wiring eliminates this risk.

• Capacity - Old wiring may not be adequate to handle the electrical load required by modern appliances and devices. Upgrading allows for higher power capacity.

• Reliability - Outdated wiring can cause intermittent failures, electrical shorts, and flickering lights. New wiring provides steadier, more reliable power throughout the home.

• Efficiency - Newer wiring offers less electrical resistance, reducing energy loss and making your home's electrical system more efficient.

For these reasons, upgrading old cloth-covered wiring is always a smart idea. The improvement in safety and reliability is well worth the effort.

Planning the Project

Careful planning is required before beginning a rewiring project. Here are some key steps:

• Consult an electrician - While a homeowner can legally replace wiring themselves, it is wise to have the project overviewed by a professional electrician first. They can ensure the full scope of the project is understood.

• Obtain necessary permits - Most municipalities require permits for electrical work. Be sure to check local requirements and obtain all needed permits before starting.

• Take pictures - Photograph any parts of the home that will be disturbed by the rewiring, like walls and ceilings. This gives you a reference for putting things back as they were.

• Develop a plan of action - Make a detailed plan for how and when you will rewire each circuit. Coordinate with family members so work can be done with minimal disruption.

• Purchase supplies - Make sure you have all required materials and tools on hand before beginning work. This includes new wiring, junction boxes, outlets, switches, and safety gear.

Removing Old Wiring

With proper planning completed, it's time to get to work:

Accessing the old wiring

• To expose the old wiring, some demolition work will be required. Walls and ceilings with runs of cloth-covered wiring will need to be opened up.

• Take care not to damage other utilities inside the walls, like plumbing or HVAC components. Refer to your pictures frequently so you know where critical spots are located.

• Remove drywall or plaster with care, ideally in whole pieces that can be reused for patching. A pry bar, oscillating saw, or rotary tool are helpful here.

Disconnecting and removing wires

• Locate any junction boxes along the wire run and disconnect the old wiring. Attach labels so you know which circuits the wires are part of.

• Carefully pull the wiring out of the open wall cavities and ceilings. The cloth insulation is likely to be very brittle. Wear gloves and safety goggles during this step.

• Coil up and dispose of the removed wiring properly. Older wiring often contains lead or other hazardous materials.

Installing New Wiring

With the old wiring removed, it's time for the new:

Selecting and preparing wiring

• Use wiring with a gauge suitable for the expected electrical load. For 15-amp household circuits, 14/2 gauge NM wire with ground is generally recommended.

• Cut new wiring to the required length for each run. Leave an extra 6 inches on each end to make connections.

• Strip 3/4" insulation from both ends of the wire using wire strippers. Take care not to nick the metal conductor.

Running wiring through walls and ceilings

• Thread new wiring through holes drilled in wall studs and joists. Keep at least 1/4" clearance from edges.

• Use plastic grommets to protect the wire where passing through metal studs.

• Make gradual bends, not sharp angles. Ensure the wire can move freely without excess friction or tension.

Securing and connecting wires

• Anchor the new wiring at least every 4.5 feet and within 12 inches of junction boxes. Use insulated staples for secure fastening.

• Connect wires using wire nuts at outlets, switches and junction points. Twist clockwise so a secure mechanical joint is made.

• Follow a consistent color scheme, using black for hot wires, white for neutrals, and bare copper or green for grounds. This aids future electricians.

Completing the Job

You're in the home stretch once all new circuits are wired and tested. Now just needs to button things up:

• Patch over holes in walls and ceilings with drywall, plaster or boards to match existing surfaces. Spread joint compound smooth.

• Paint patched areas with a color matched to the existing paint. Apply primer first for best results.

• Reinstall trim, molding, fixtures and anything else that was displaced during the rewiring work. Consult your pre-work pictures.

• Dispose of all old wiring and other demolition debris properly. Some materials may require disposal at a hazardous waste facility.

• Have the completed rewiring project inspected by your local building department to receive the final permit sign-off.

With the inspector's approval, you can turn the power back on and enjoy your newly rewired home! The improvement in electrical safety and performance will make all the effort worthwhile.