Installing hidden wiring for surveillance cameras allows you to set up a security system while keeping the wires out of sight. This provides a cleaner look while still allowing the cameras to operate effectively. Properly installing hidden wires takes some planning and work, but can be managed by a homeowner with basic DIY skills.
Selecting Wire Types
The first step is selecting the right type of wire to use:
-
I prefer RG59 coaxial cable for most hidden camera wire runs under 100 feet. RG59 is flexible, easy to work with, and inexpensive.
-
For cable runs over 100 feet, RG6 coaxial cable is a better choice. RG6 provides less signal degradation at longer distances.
-
For connecting wired security cameras to a recording device, use 18/2 or 22/2 power cable. This two conductor wire provides power to the cameras.
-
For Ethernet wired cameras, use Cat5e or Cat6 Ethernet cable. This allows data transmission and power over the same wire.
-
For outdoor runs, use wire specifically rated for outdoor/direct burial. Outdoor-rated wire has a thicker, more durable jacket.
Planning the Wiring Route
-
Carefully measure the distance from each camera location to the recording device to determine the wiring lengths needed.
-
Map out the wiring path through attics, walls, and other structural cavities where you want to run the hidden wires.
-
Plan access points through walls, ceilings, etc to feed the wire through. You'll need access above the ceiling for attic runs, and along walls for cavity runs.
-
For outdoor runs, plan a route where wires can be hidden under eaves, along siding seams, or buried underground.
Feeding Cables Through Walls and Ceilings
-
At planned access points, drill small holes in walls/ceilings to route your wire through. Holes should be large enough for connectors on wire ends to fit.
-
Use fish tape to pull cables through cavities in walls and ceilings between access holes. Fish tape feeds through easily and is rigid enough to push wire with it.
-
An alternative is using long zip ties to pull cables through. Attach zip tie to end of wire, feed through, and pull wire using the end of the tie.
-
In attics, you can often route wires across joists without drilling holes. Use insulated cable staples to securely attach wires to framing.
Installing Wires Behind Walls
-
For new construction, wires can be installed in walls before drywall goes up. This allows cleanly embedding wires within wall cavities.
-
For existing walls, remove baseboards to access the bottom cavity behind drywall. Drill access holes through wall studs as needed.
-
Use wire staples or plastic wire clips to attach wires to studs and feed between cavities. Avoid nailing or screwing through wires.
-
Seal access holes with fire caulk to maintain fire rating of wall assembly. Patch and paint to blend repair. Reinstall baseboard when complete.
Connecting Cameras and Devices
-
Leave 12-18 inches of extra wire at the camera end for mounting and connecting. Create a service loop in the wire to avoid pulling on connections.
-
Consult camera specs to determine the voltage (12V or 24V usually) and amperage needed. Use an appropriate AWG size wire to handle required power levels.
-
Connect power wires to the camera's pigtail or wiring block. Connect video cables from camera to video in port on DVR.
-
Use BNC barrel connectors to extend pre-made video cables. For Ethernet cable, use couplers or patch cables to connect.
Testing and Troubleshooting Wires
-
Test all cables with a cable tester or multimeter to ensure cables are connected and providing power.
-
Check for loose wire nuts or RCA connections that may need to be resecured.
-
Verify camera functionality by inspecting video feed and camera control. Check for video signal issues like black images or static.
-
If a camera shows no image, disconnect and retest video cable for any damage or shorts. Swap in a short test video cable to isolate the problem.
-
For power issues, check for voltage drop over long cable runs that can cause low voltage power.
Following these steps allows installing hidden surveillance wiring in a minimally invasive method. Take time to carefully plan out your wire runs in advance. Use the right techniques for routing through ceilings, walls, and other cavities to avoid unnecessary repairs later. With some diligence, you can setup a professionally installed look on your DIY security system.