Introduction
Aluminum wiring became popular in homes built between 1965 and 1973 because it was less expensive than copper wiring. However, aluminum wiring is known to pose fire risks if not properly installed and maintained. As a homeowner, you can safely install aluminum wiring if you take the right precautions. This article provides a comprehensive guide on how to install aluminum wiring safely.
Dangers of Improperly Installed Aluminum Wiring
Aluminum wiring is more likely to cause electrical fires if not properly installed for the following reasons:
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Oxidation - Aluminum oxidizes much more readily than copper. This can cause loose connections and overheating at outlets and switches.
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Expansion and Contraction - Aluminum expands and contracts more than copper with temperature changes. This can loosen connections over time.
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Incompatibility with Devices - Standard electrical devices like outlets and switches are designed for copper wiring. Using them with aluminum wiring can cause overheating.
Failing to account for these factors can lead to loose connections, electrical arcing, overheating, and fire hazards.
Using the Right Materials for Aluminum Wiring
To safely install aluminum wiring, you need to use the right connectors and outlets designed for aluminum:
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CO/ALR rated switches/outlets - These are designed with screws that clamp down tighter on aluminum wiring.
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Anti-oxidant paste - Apply this paste to aluminum wire ends to prevent oxidation and improve conductivity.
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CO/ALR rated connectors - These are ideal for joining copper to aluminum wiring.
Avoid using regular copper-only rated devices as they may not make a tight connection with aluminum wiring.
Step-by-Step Installation Guide
Follow these steps to safely install new aluminum wiring in your home:
1. Turn Off Power
Shut off power to the circuit you'll be working on at the main electrical panel. Use a non-contact voltage tester to confirm power is off.
2. Prepare the Wiring
Use sandpaper or steel wool to clean 1/2 inch of each aluminum wire end that will be connected. Apply anti-oxidant paste to wire ends.
3. Install CO/ALR Outlets and Switches
Connect aluminum wires to CO/ALR rated outlets and switches designed for aluminum wiring. Tighten connections to the manufacturer's specifications.
4. Use CO/ALR Connectors
Join aluminum wires to copper wiring in the circuit using special CO/ALR rated connectors. Follow the torque requirements stated on the connectors.
5. Securely Connect Wires
Keep wires tightly bundled and secured with electrical tape. This prevents loosening of connections over time.
6. Label the Circuit Breaker
Clearly label the circuit breaker controlling the aluminum wiring circuit for future reference.
7. Test Connections
Restore power and test that all connections are tight. Recheck connections after 24 hours.
Ongoing Safety Tips
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Check aluminum wiring connections annually for tightness.
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Have a qualified electrician evaluate your aluminum circuits.
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Consider repairing aluminum wiring with copper pigtails.
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Never overload circuits or extension cords.
Properly installed and maintained aluminum wiring can provide safe electrical service. But improper connections can be a fire danger. Follow this guide and consult an electrician to ensure safety.