How to Wire a Backyard Chicken Coop

Intro

Raising backyard chickens is becoming increasingly popular. While chickens make great pets and provide fresh eggs, building their coop requires proper planning and work. Wiring a chicken coop correctly is crucial for fire safety and functionality. This guide will walk you step-by-step through wiring a chicken coop from start to finish. I'll cover electrical safety, choosing wiring and outlets, running the wire, and installing lights - everything you need to know to wire your backyard chicken coop properly and safely.

Electrical Safety

When working with electricity, safety should always be your top concern. Here are some key tips to follow when wiring a chicken coop:

• Use GFCI outlets. GFCI (ground fault circuit interrupter) outlets will shut off power if a short occurs. This prevents electrocution or fires. All outdoor outlets should be GFCI protected.

• Choose outdoor-rated wiring. Outdoor electrical wiring is insulated to withstand weather exposure. Use only wiring specifically made for outdoor use.

• Inspect the wiring. Examine all wiring for damage before installing. Do not use any frayed or cracked wire.

• Shut off power. When doing any electrical work, always shut off power at the breaker panel. Verify power is off with a tester before touching any wires.

• Use thick gauge wire. For runs over 50 feet from the breaker panel, use 10 or 12 AWG wire for lighting circuits. The thicker wire prevents voltage drop.

Following basic electrical safety will help prevent electrical hazards and keep your chickens comfy and safe.

Choosing Wiring and Outlets

Here are the key components you'll need to wire a backyard coop:

• Wire - Use outdoor-rated 12 or 14 AWG wire for lighting and outlets. Go with 10 AWG for longer runs over 50 feet.

• GFCI Outlets - Outdoor outlets in a damp coop should be GFCI. Choose tamper-resistant outlets so chickens can't electrocute themselves.

• Junction Boxes - Use weatherproof electrical boxes to connect wires and house outlets. Make sure they are large enough for the number of wires inside.

• Lights - Install LED or CFL bulbs to save energy. Choose fixtures made for wet areas.

• Conduit - Protect wire running along coop walls with outdoor-rated conduit. This prevents pecking damage.

Pick quality components designed for wet areas like a coop to ensure safety and longevity.

Running the Electrical Wire

With the right supplies in hand, you're ready to run wire from the breaker panel to the chicken coop:

• Start by turning off power at the breaker panel. Verify it is off!

• Run conduit from the breaker panel to the planned coop location. You can attach it along walls or bury it underground.

• Thread the wire through the conduit. Pull about 6 inches of extra wire at each end.

• Install outdoor junction boxes where you want outlets or lights. Connect the wires using wire nuts.

• Attach GFCI outlets and lights to the junction boxes according to the manufacturer's directions.

• Label each circuit at the breaker panel. This allows shutting off individual circuits later.

• Finally, turn power back on and test all lights and outlets. Then install switch and outlet covers.

Take it slow and be cautious when running wire. A helper makes the job easier and safer.

Installing Coop Lighting

Proper lighting in your chicken coop will keep chickens laying through the shorter winter days. Here's how to add lighting:

• Use LED or CFL bulbs. They produce less heat and use less electricity than traditional bulbs.

• Install a timer to control the lights. Chickens require 14-16 hours of daylight for continued egg production.

• Place lights low where chickens roost. Hens are fearful of overhead lights. Position lights just above head level.

• Light the coop interior evenly. Avoid bright and dark spots. Scattered task lighting works best.

• Use dustproof fixtures with protective cages. Chickens will peck at exposed bulbs and fixtures.

• Install a light switch near the coop entrance to easily turn lights on and off.

With the right lighting, your chickens will stay comfortable and productive all year long. Don't skimp on lighting for your flock.

Conclusion

Wiring a backyard chicken coop properly takes planning and care. Focus on safety by using thick outdoor-rated wire, GFCI outlets, and good lighting. Your chickens will thank you for a cozy, secure, and well-lit home! Be sure to call an electrician if you're ever unsure about tackling a wiring project yourself. With some basic DIY skills, you can setup reliable electrics for your flock.