Installing low voltage lighting can greatly enhance the ambiance and functionality of any space. However, there are some common mistakes that are easy to make when installing low voltage lighting for the first time. Being aware of these potential pitfalls will help ensure your low voltage lighting project goes smoothly and safely.
Choosing the Wrong Type of Low Voltage Lighting
Low voltage lighting is available in many different types, each suited for different applications. Choosing the wrong type of low voltage lighting for your space is a common mistake.
Accent Lighting vs. Task Lighting
Accent lighting is used to highlight architectural or design elements in a room. This type of lighting is intended to be subtle. Task lighting provides illumination for specific activities like reading or cooking. Task lighting should be much brighter than accent lighting. Selecting accent lighting fixtures when you actually need task lighting can result in a space that is too dimly lit to perform activities comfortably.
Low Voltage vs. Line Voltage
Some low voltage lighting fixtures use low voltage power while others use standard 120-volt household current that has been transformed into 12V by the fixture's transformer. While 12V lighting can be plugged into a standard outlet, low voltage lighting requires a transformer. Be sure you have the correct voltage system before installing fixtures.
LED vs. Halogen vs. Incandescent
The light source used in low voltage lighting systems can vary. LED, halogen, and incandescent bulbs are all common options. LED lights are the most energy efficient while halogen bulbs emit the warmest glow. Make sure to choose the light source that aligns with your goals for the space.
Improper Planning of the Low Voltage System
Failing to properly plan your low voltage lighting system can lead to issues down the road. Here are some key factors to consider in your plan:
-
Draw out a floor plan indicating all fixture locations. This will help you purchase the correct quantity of lights and components.
-
Determine the wattage of all light fixtures you plan to use. This total wattage must not exceed the capacity of your transformer.
-
Calculate the total length of cable runs from the transformer to each fixture to ensure you purchase enough low voltage cable.
-
If installing a dimmer, verify it is compatible with your transformer and light sources.
Using the Wrong Gauge of Wire for Cable Runs
Low voltage lighting cable is available in different thickness or gauge. The right gauge needs to be used for the length of the cable run from the transformer to the light fixture. Here are some guidelines:
-
For runs up to 50 feet, use 16-gauge cable.
-
For runs of 50-100 feet, use 14-gauge cable.
-
For runs over 100 feet, use 12-gauge cable.
Using cable that is too thin will result in dim lighting and possible overheating.
Not Properly Splicing Cables
To extend low voltage cables, they must be spliced together correctly. Improper splicing can lead to lighting failures. Follow these rules:
-
Use solderless wire nuts rated for low voltage. Do not use wire nuts for household wiring.
-
Stagger the splices so they are not all bunched at one point.
-
Avoid excessive splices. Plan cable runs to minimize the number required.
-
Keep splices away from fixtures to prevent overheating.
-
Test splices gently with tugging to ensure a tight connection.
Running Cables Too Close to Power Lines
Low voltage lighting cables must be kept separated from AC power lines or interference can occur. Follow these guidelines:
-
Keep cables at least 1 foot from AC power lines.
-
Cross cables with AC wires at 90 degree angles.
-
Never run low voltage cables parallel to AC wires for lengthy distances.
-
Use cable staples every 18-24 inches when securing cables.
Not Sealing Outdoor Connections
For low voltage lighting systems installed outdoors, it is critical that all connections are sealed to prevent moisture damage:
-
Apply silicone sealant on all wire nut connections.
-
Enclose splices and transformer connections in weatherproof junction boxes.
-
Use gel-filled wire connectors suitable for wet locations.
-
Cover fixtures and aim lights downward to avoid water entry points.
Properly sealing outdoor low voltage connections will prevent shorts, corrosion, and fixture failures.
Overloading the Transformer
Low voltage lighting transformers have a maximum wattage capacity. Connecting too many lights can overload the transformer and cause it to overheat, resulting in damage or blown fuses. To avoid overloading:
-
Add up the wattage of all bulbs on a transformer.
-
Do not exceed the marked maximum wattage rating for the transformer.
-
Use a separate transformer for sections that total more than the single transformer capacity.
-
For larger systems, use a primary transformer with lower capacity secondary transformers.
Not Testing before Finishing Installation
It is wise to test all low voltage lighting fixtures before completing final installation steps:
-
Energize the transformer and verify operation of each light fixture.
-
Check for loose connections that need to be redone.
-
Adjust light directions and dimmer settings before mounting permanently.
-
Troubleshoot any non-working lights before finishing.
Taking these test steps first will reveal any issues and prevent having to take finished installations back apart for fixes.
Proper planning and care when installing low voltage lighting will reward you with an attractive and functional lighting system. Avoiding the common mistakes outlined here will lead to many years of flawless operation and enjoyment of your beautiful low voltage lighting design. Let the ambiance shine!