A properly installed and maintained sump pump is crucial for keeping water out of your basement. As a homeowner, learning how to connect a sump pump correctly ensures it can do its job effectively when water invades. Follow this step-by-step guide to sump pump installation and you’ll have the peace of mind knowing your basement will stay dry.
Selecting the Right Sump Pump
Choosing the appropriate sump pump for your home is the first step. Consider the following factors:
Pump Capacity
Determine how much water your sump pump needs to move. Measure the square footage of your basement to estimate the gallon-per-hour (gph) rating you need. A general guideline is a pump that can move at least 10 gph for every 100 square feet of basement space.
- A 1,000 square foot basement needs a pump rated for at least 100 gph.
- A 2,500 square foot basement needs a pump rated for at least 250 gph.
Pump Type
Submersible sump pumps are highly recommended over pedestal pumps. Submersible pumps sit in the sump pit underwater, keeping them lubricated and cool. They tend to last longer than pedestal pumps.
Power Source
Battery backup sump pumps provide protection when the power goes out. Water won't stop invading your basement just because the electricity is off! This backup power source gives you peace of mind.
Sump Pit Size
Match your pump to an adequately sized sump pit. An 18-24 inch diameter pit is ideal for most homes. Make sure the pump will fit and have room for water flow.
Sump Pump Discharge Options
Proper water discharge from your sump pump is critical to keep your basement dry. Two possible discharge methods are:
Through the Foundation Wall
Drilling a hole through the foundation wall allows connecting a discharge pipe to channel water outside and away from the house.
- Use a check valve to prevent backflow.
- Seal the hole to avoid letting air, bugs, or moisture inside.
Existing Floor Drain
If a large interior floor drain exists, the sump pump discharge can tie into this.
- Make sure the floor drain system can handle the added flow.
- A check valve is still important to prevent backflow.
In either case, extend the discharge pipe at least 10-20 feet from the foundation before releasing the water. Avoid draining near walkways or foundations where water could pool and infiltrate.
Step-by-Step Sump Pump Installation
Follow these steps to properly install your new sump pump:
Dig the Sump Pit
Dig a hole approximately 18-24 inches wide by 12-18 inches deep. The depth equates to roughly the height of the sump pump plus a few extra inches.
Add Gravel
Line the bottom of the pit with 2-3 inches of gravel. Gravel provides drainage and filtration.
Position the Pump
Place the sump pump in the center of the pit. For submersible models, position it upright on the gravel.
Secure Discharge Pipe
Attach discharge piping to the pump outlet. Run it to your selected discharge point outside the foundation wall or to an existing floor drain. Don't forget the check valve!
Anchor Pump
Use a nylon rope or metal strap screwed into the pit sides to anchor the pump. This prevents shifting and tipping over.
Install Lid
A sump pump lid over the pit opening is crucial to prevent debris from falling in and clogging the pump. Cut a hole just big enough for the discharge pipe.
Power Supply
Connect the pump to a GFCI electrical outlet, or install a battery backup system for protection when the power fails.
Test It
Pour several gallons of water into the pit to test pump operation before backfilling around the sump pit. The pump should quickly activate and discharge water through the connected piping.
Maintaining Your Sump Pump
Ongoing maintenance keeps your sump pump working properly when it's needed most:
- Check the sump pit regularly for dirt, silt, or other debris that may block water flow.
- Test the pump monthly by pouring water into the pit and confirming proper pump activation and discharge flow.
- Replace the impeller or motor if the pump output seems lower than normal.
- For battery backup pumps, replace the battery every 2-3 years per manufacturer recommendations.
By selecting the appropriate pump, installing it correctly, and performing regular maintenance, you can rely on your sump pump to prevent costly water damage in your basement. Follow these best practices for connecting your sump pump and have confidence it will save your basement for years to come.