Electricity is an essential part of modern life, but it can also be very dangerous if not properly handled. As a homeowner, I need to be aware of potential electrical hazards in my house so I can fix them before anyone gets hurt. Here's what I've learned about finding and repairing hidden electrical dangers in a residential property.
Inspecting the Electrical Panel
The main electrical panel is the central nervous system of a home's electrical system, so it's a good place to start my inspection. Here's what I look out for:
Overloaded Circuits
If there are too many appliances and devices drawing power on a circuit, it can lead to overheating and fires. I check for warm breakers or discolored wires which indicate overloading. I may need to redistribute the load by moving devices to other circuits.
Double Tapping
This refers to having multiple wires connected to a single breaker. It's a dangerous shortcut that can cause arcing and heating. I check for any double taps and re-do the connections properly using wire nuts or terminal blocks.
Unlabeled Circuits
Each circuit breaker should be clearly marked to show what parts of the home it controls. If not, I am at risk of shutting off power to the wrong areas or being unable to quickly cut power in an emergency. I label each circuit clearly.
Faulty GFCIs
GFCIs (ground fault circuit interrupters) protect against electrocution and should be tested monthly by pressing their "test" buttons. If they don't trip, I replace them immediately.
Checking the Condition of Wires
Frayed, cracked, or damaged wires can lead to shocks, fires, and other hazards. Here are some wire issues I routinely inspect for:
Exposed Wires
Any live wires should always be fully insulated and enclosed in protective conduits. If I find any exposed parts, I re-wrap them securely with electrical tape or install new cable sheathing.
Cracked/Damaged Sheathing
The plastic or rubber sheathing around wires can become brittle and split over time, exposing the conductors inside. Any suspect cables get replaced.
Gnawing from Rodents or Pests
Mice and other pests are sometimes attracted to the insulation on electrical wires. Their biting and gnawing damage the cables and create a serious shock risk. If I find any evidence of pest damage, I set traps and seal off access holes. I also thoroughly inspect all wires for damage.
Heat Damage
Electrical wires that feel hot to the touch or show discoloration may be undersized for the amount of power they are carrying. This is a fire hazard. I reroute affected cables and upgrade to thicker gauge wires.
Checking Connections and Junctions
Poorly connected wires and junctions create resistance and heat. I inspect the following locations where problematic connections often lurk:
Electrical Outlets
Outlet connections can loosen over time, creating resistance and heat. If outlets are warm to the touch, I tighten the connections or replace them.
Switches
Like outlets, loose switch connections can generate excessive heat. I ensure switches aren't warm and that there is no discolored or melted plastic housing.
Light Fixtures
I check light fixtures for signs of overheating like discoloration or melting. Fixture wires may need to be tightened or upgraded.
Appliance Cords
Appliance power cords take a lot of abuse and can deteriorate over time. I check for cracked, heat-damaged, or loose connections and replace any defective cords.
Inspecting Locations Prone to Damage
Certain parts of a home are naturally more susceptible to electrical damage. I pay close attention to these areas:
Kitchen and Bathroom
Moisture and leaks can degrade electrical systems over time. I look for corroded connections, discolored wires, GFCI outlets that don't work, and appliances that short cycle or turn off unexpectedly.
Basement, Crawlspace, and Attic
Rodents and pests often get into hard-to-access areas and can chew on wires. I seal off access holes, set traps, and thoroughly inspect for damaged cables.
Garage
Cords and power tools in the garage can easily get damaged. They pose a serious hazard especially if exposed to water or moisture. I inspect extension cords for cracking and power tools for damage.
Knowing When to Call an Electrician
While I can perform inspections and minor repairs myself, I call in a licensed electrician for the following kinds of major electrical work:
- Upgrading the main service panel or installing new circuits
- Replacing the main service entry wires
- Repairing aluminum wiring
- Any repairs involving the mast, meter, or other utility side equipment
It's not worth taking risks with serious electrical hazards. I rely on trained professionals for big jobs.
Staying on top of electrical safety is an ongoing process. But by regularly inspecting my home and making necessary repairs, I can keep my family safe from the serious dangers posed by hidden electrical hazards. Let me know if you have any other tips for identifying and fixing electrical risks!