How to Install Your Own Electrical Wiring Safely and Legally

Installing your own electrical wiring can be a rewarding do-it-yourself project that allows you to upgrade and customize your home's electrical system. However, working with electricity also carries risks if not done properly. Following safety procedures and electrical codes is crucial. With adequate research and preparation, you can safely and legally install your own electrical wiring.

Research Electrical Codes and Permits

Familiarize myself with the National Electrical Code (NEC) and my local jurisdiction's electrical code requirements. The NEC contains the minimum safety standards for electrical installations. Local jurisdictions often have additional amendments.
Determine if I need an electrical permit. Most jurisdictions require permits for new wiring installations to ensure code compliance. Permits are typically issued by the building department after reviewing your proposed electrical plans.
Consider consulting with a professional electrician or inspector to ensure my plans meet all code requirements before starting the project. They can provide valuable advice and catch any potential issues or violations.

Install GFCIs and AFCIs According to Code

Install ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) outlets in wet areas like kitchens, bathrooms, laundry rooms, and outdoor circuits. GFCIs shut off power quickly if electricity flows outside normal paths, helping prevent shocks.
Use arc fault circuit interrupters (AFCIs) on bedroom circuits. AFCIs prevent fires by detecting hazardous electrical arcs and disconnecting power.
Check the exact locations I need GFCI and AFCI protection. Requirements have expanded in recent NEC code cycles. Outlets may also need weather-resistant covers and tamper-resistant shutters.

Use Proper Wiring and Connections

Select the correct wire size based on the amperage rating and length of the circuit. Undersized wires can overheat. Oversized wires waste money. Consult wire sizing charts.
Only use approved wiring like NM (nonmetallic) cable. Do not use old cloth-insulated wiring. Carefully read labels when purchasing wiring.
Make tight and secure wire connections. Wire nuts and terminal screws should be tightened properly to avoid loose connections that can spark and overheat.

Include Safety Switches and Junction Boxes

Install safety switches like light switches and receptacle outlets so power can be conveniently turned off for maintenance and emergencies. Kitchens, bathrooms, and hallways require switches.
Use approved junction boxes to enclose wire connections. Do not leave splices exposed. Junction boxes prevent accidental contact, contain arcing in case of loose connections, and provide future access.

Follow Safe Electrical Practices

Turn off power at the main breaker panel before working on circuits. Verify power is off with a non-contact voltage tester.
Work carefully and avoid taking risks when on ladders, in tight spaces, or handling live wires during parts of the project. Have assistance for tricky situations.
Wear rubber-soled shoes, safety goggles, and other protective equipment when drilling, running wiring, and installing components.
Keep the work area dry and clean to prevent slipping, tripping hazards, and shock risks around electricity.

Arrange for Inspections and Testing

Call the building department to schedule required inspections as the work progresses. They will ensure major phases like rough-in wiring and final connections are done properly.
Hire an electrician or use a plug-in GFCI tester to check for any missed connections, faults, or improperly wired circuits once the project is complete. Test all outlets.

Following basic safety procedures and the electrical code helps ensure I can install my own wiring without risks. Taking the time to research and design an efficient plan reduces mistakes down the road. While significant electrical work is best left to professionals, I can safely install new circuits by educating myself and paying close attention to details.