Assess the Existing Electrical System
Rewiring a century old farmhouse can be daunting, but with proper planning and precautions it can be done safely. The first step is to thoroughly assess the existing electrical system.
Inspect the Main Service Panel
- The main service panel or breaker box is the central hub of your home's electrical system. Examine the main panel for signs of age, rust, or damage.
- Note if it uses fuse boxes or breakers. Breakers are safer and more convenient. Fuse boxes should be upgraded.
- Check the amperage rating on the main service panel. 60 amps was common in old homes. 100-200 amps is recommended for modern needs.
Check Condition of Wiring
- Carefully inspect all visible wiring for insulation damage and degradation. Brittle or cracked insulation can start fires.
- Note if the wiring is knob and tube wiring. This outdated exposed wiring is unsafe and must be replaced.
- Test outlets and switches for functionality, loose connections, overheating. Malfunctioning outlets indicate wiring issues.
Assess Electrical Load Needs
- Inventory all electrical devices, appliances, equipment in the home. Calculate total wattage usage.
- Factor in future needs like electric vehicles, home office equipment. More amps will likely be needed.
Create a Rewiring Plan
With wiring inspection complete, create a plan for the rewiring project.
Establish Scope of Work
- Determine if a full rewire is needed or if you can do partial updates. Full rewire is recommended for old homes.
- Decide if you will do the work yourself or hire an electrician. Electrical work requires skills and safety knowledge.
Obtain Necessary Permits
- Contact your local building department to learn about permit requirements in your area.
- Permits ensure work meets local codes. Research code requirements before planning.
Budget and Select Materials
- Rewiring is a major project. Realistically budget for costs of materials and professional help if needed.
- Choose wiring and devices that meet codes. Use good quality materials for safety and longevity.
Safely Rewire and Update the Electrical System
With planning and permits ready, it's time to dive into the rewiring. Safety first!
Turn Off Power and Install New Service Panel
- Turn off power at the main breaker. Use a contact voltage tester to verify it is off.
- Remove old service panel and install the new upgraded main panel and grounding.
Run New Wiring and Outlets
- Map out new circuit routes. Each circuit should have its own breaker.
- Fish or snake wires through walls and ceilings. Limit splicing for safety.
- Install all new outlets, switches, and junction boxes according to codes.
Inspect and Turn Power Back On
- Have an electrician inspect the new wiring and connections before turning power on.
- Carefully turn power back on at the new service panel and test all circuits.
- Install covers on all junction boxes and outlets.
Add Safety Features
- Install arc fault circuit interrupters (AFCIs) and ground fault circuit interrupters (GFCIs). These modern safety devices prevent fires and shocks.
- Ensure all circuits are properly labeled. Add a warning sign that the panel contains live power.
Maintain the New Electrical System
Your farmhouse is now rewired with a safe, robust electrical system. Be sure to:
- Test AFCIs and GFCIs monthly by pressing the test button.
- Check for hot outlets which indicate overloaded circuits.
- Update circuits if adding major new appliances and equipment.
- Have an electrician do a full inspection every 5 years.
With proper maintenance, your updated wiring will provide safe, reliable power for the next 100 years! Let there be light without burning down the house.