Introduction
Rewiring antique gas lamps from the 1850s can be daunting, but with proper precautions it can be done safely. Gas lighting was used extensively in the 19th century before being replaced by electric lighting. However, many historic homes still contain original gas lamps and chandeliers. Rewiring these fixtures to modern electric wiring takes skill and care, but it enables you to keep the historic charm while updating for safety and convenience. This guide will walk you through the complete process so you can rewire your Victorian gas lamps without burning down your home.
Assessing Your Fixtures
Before beginning any rewiring project, you need to carefully examine the existing gas fixtures in your home.
What Type of Gas Light Is It?
-
Bracket lamps - These lamps hang on walls to provide illumination. They have arms to hold the lighting element away from the wall.
-
Chandeliers - Elaborate ceiling-mounted fixtures with multiple arms for candles or lamps. these were used in dining rooms, parlors, and ballrooms.
-
Sconces - Decorative wall fixtures mounted to hold candles or lamps. These were typically used in hallways, staircases, and bathrooms.
-
Pendants - Hanging lamps suspended from the ceiling by chains or rods. These provided light over kitchen tables and work spaces.
Identify Needed Repairs
Examine your gas lamps closely to identify any needed repairs prior to rewiring:
- Cracked or damaged glass shades
- Corroded metal parts
- Loose joints in the arms or fixtures
- Missing pieces that need to be replaced
Any repairs should be completed before attempting the rewiring.
Creating a Rewiring Plan
Carefully plan out your rewiring project before getting started.
Choose Bulb Type and Wattage
-
Incandescent bulbs - The traditional choice, provides a warm glow. Use 25-100 watt bulbs.
-
LED bulbs - More energy efficient and last longer. Use bulbs rated for the fixture's style.
-
CFL bulbs - Compact fluorescent bulbs offer efficiency. Use equivalent wattage bulbs.
Calculate Total Wattage
Add up the wattage of all bulbs to be used to determine the total wattage the fixture will draw. This informs the wiring and affects circuit capacity.
Choose Lamp Sockets
You'll need to install lamp sockets designed for the type of bulb you select. Consider using vintage style sockets to match the aesthetic.
Develop a Wiring Diagram
Create a simple diagram of the fixture showing lamp positions and the path you'll route the wiring through the arms and body. This will be extremely helpful during the actual rewiring.
Removing Old Gas Components
With your plan in place, it's time to remove the old gas lines and components:
Turn Off the Gas Supply Line
Locate the shut-off valve for the gas line that feeds the fixture and turn it off.
Remove Gas Lines and Valves
Carefully remove any flexible gas lines or hard pipe that runs to the lamps. Also remove any control valves.
Remove Gas Lamp Components
Take apart the fixture and remove any gas regulator tubes, valves, keys, and mantles. Keep any fixings like screws or brackets for reassembly.
Clean Thoroughly
With all gas components removed, thoroughly clean the fixture body, arms, and hangers to remove any residue.
Installing New Wiring
The complex part is now installing the new wiring throughout the fixture:
Run Wires Through Arms
Carefully thread the proper gauge wire through each arm, leaving enough length for connections. For multiple arms, run all wires through the main arm first.
Anchor Wires
Use insulated wire staples to secure the wiring so it doesn't tug on connections. But don't make it overly tight.
Install Sockets
Attach lamp sockets to the ends of each arm, connecting the wiring. Anchor with screws but don't stress sockets.
Connect Wires
Connect all wires through the central mount. Use wire nuts and wrap connections with electrical tape.
Mount Fixture
Anchor the wired fixture back to the original gas supply location. Consult an electrician if needed.
Testing and Finishing Touches
With thewiring complete, it's time to test and finish the job:
Examine Your Work
Visually inspect all wiring, connections, and sockets before testing. Fix any issues.
Perform a Continuity Test
Use a multimeter to test continuity between sockets and fixtures. Verify no shorts.
Install Bulbs and Test
Install bulbs of proper wattage. Turn on power and test functionality of every bulb.
Replace Glass Shades
Carefully reinstall any glass lamp shades or globes. Use new pieces if the originals are damaged.
Admire Your Work
Turn on your lamps and admire how the vintage fixtures look with modern electric lights!
Safety Tips
Rewiring antique fixtures requires care to avoid house fires or electrocution:
- Turn power off at the breaker before starting
- Only work on one fixture at a time
- Use gloves, eye protection, and insulated tools
- Double check connections are tight and insulated
- Check that wire gauge can handle fixture wattage
- Ensure circuits have capacity for added load
- Have an electrician review your finished work
With proper precautions, you can successfully convert your classic gas lamps to electric while preserving their historic elegance. Take your time and don't cut corners on safety. Thorough planning and careful work will pay off in the end with stunning lighting that's updated for modern usage. Let the light from your Victorian fixtures continue illuminating your historic home for another 100 years!