How to Rewire Your 1850s Home Without Being Electrocuted

Assess the Existing Wiring

Before beginning any rewiring project in an old home, it is crucial to thoroughly assess the existing electrical system. Here are some steps I recommend:

• Examine the electrical panel and take note of the amperage rating, the type of wiring, and whether the system uses fuses or circuit breakers. Older homes often have 30 or 60 amp panels, which may need upgrading for modern electrical loads.

• Locate all existing outlets and light fixtures. Draw a floor plan indicating their locations. This will help you plan the new wiring layout.

• Remove cover plates and examine the wiring behind each outlet. Check for cloth-covered wiring which will not be up to modern electrical code.

• Consider hiring a professional home inspector to identify any deficiencies or hazards in the existing wiring. This will ensure you do not overlook any serious issues.

Develop a Rewiring Plan

Once you understand the existing electrical system, you can start planning the rewiring project. Key steps in this process include:

• Decide which sections of the home you will rewire first. Focus initial efforts on frequently used rooms like the kitchen.

• Choose the locations for any new outlets and switches you need. Consider how you use each room to determine ideal placement.

• Select the gauge and type of wiring. For 15 amp circuits, use 14 gauge copper wire with ground. For 20 amp circuits, use 12 gauge wire.

• Create a circuit map showing the planned circuits and outlets. This will be a useful reference during rewiring.

• Determine if you will need to upgrade the main electrical service panel. If adding many new circuits, a 200 amp panel may be required.

Ensure Electrical Safety

Rewiring an old home comes with risks of electrocution or fire. Here are some key electrical safety steps to take:

• Turn off power at the main circuit breaker before starting any work. Verify power is off by testing outlets.

• Only work on one circuit at a time. Label each circuit as you disconnect it.

• Use a voltage tester to double check wires before touching them. Assume all wires are live.

• Wear rubber-soled shoes and gloves when handling wiring. Do not work with wet hands.

• Keep fire extinguisher handy. Replace any old, dried out electrical wiring to prevent fire hazards.

• Connect the ground wires first when installing new outlets and switches. This ensures grounding protection.

• Label all disconnected wires to avoid confusion when reconnecting them.

• Have an experienced electrician inspect the finished rewiring work before turning power back on. Better safe than sorry!

Install New Wiring and Devices

Once proper safety steps are in place, you can get to work running the new wiring:

• Map out wiring routes between the electrical panel and each new outlet or switch. Avoid running wires through framing.

• Drill holes through joists and studs so you can route wires where needed. Use grommets to protect wires from sharp edges.

• Secure wires every 4.5 ft with fasteners designed for electrical wiring. Do not bend wires at sharp angles.

• Use wire nuts to make secure connections. Wrap connections with electrical tape for additional safety.

• Attach outlet and switch boxes. The ground wire gets connected to the green screw. Hot wires go on brass screws, neutral on silver.

• Place wires inside boxes neatly - do not just stuff them in. Leave 6-8 inches of slack wire in the boxes.

• Attach cover plates and switches/outlets once everything is connected properly. Caulk around boxes to prevent air leaks.

Take your time following safety procedures and you can successfully rewire your historic home without getting zapped!