How to Rewire Your 1850s Home Without Electrocuting Yourself

Rewiring a historical home can seem daunting, but with proper planning and safety precautions, the project can be manageable for a dedicated DIYer. As the owner of an 1850s home myself, I have learned a great deal about rewiring old homes through experience. In this article, I will share the key steps I took to rewire my 19th century home without any shocking mishaps.

Research and Create a Plan

Before touching a single wire, the first step is to thoroughly research the existing electrical system and create a plan.

Determine the Current State of Wiring

• Examine the fuse box/circuit breaker to understand the existing circuits
• Locate access points to visually inspect wiring
• Consider hiring an electrician to assess condition of wiring and provide rewiring recommendations

Develop a Rewiring Plan

• Decide which sections to rewire first - Prioritize oldest or most hazardous wiring
• Choose replacement wiring gauge - Balance cost vs circuit capacity needs
• Select locations for new circuits, switches, outlets - Consider appliance needs and modern electrical codes
• Plan safe power shutoff methods - Identify central shutoff points for each circuit
• Create a permit plan if required - Research permit needs and develop required drawings

Budget and Shop for Materials

• Estimate materials needed - Wire, conduit, boxes, outlets, breakers, etc.
• Research prices - Compare costs at home improvement stores
• Factor in disposal fees - For old wires, conduit
• Purchase all needed materials beforehand - Avoid delays once project begins

Safety First! Use Precautions When Rewiring

My top priority when rewiring is safety. Accidents can happen quickly, so caution is essential. Here are key precautions I take:

• Shut off power at main breaker panel - Double check power is off with a voltage tester
• Wear insulated gloves and shoes - Protect from accidental shocks
• Work one circuit at a time - Avoid confusion over what wires are live
• Label all wires and connections - Simplifies troubleshooting
• Use GFCI outlets near plumbing fixtures - Lowers risk of electrocution
• Inspect all work thoroughly before restoring power - Check for loose connections, faulty insulation, etc.

I also recommend having someone nearby in case an emergency arises. Working with a partner allows for quick assistance if an accident occurs.

Remove Old Wiring

Once initial planning is complete, it's time to remove existing wiring. Based on my experience, here are some best practices:

Work Systematically through Each Circuit

Focus your efforts circuit-by-circuit to avoid chaos. Follow these steps per circuit:

1. Turn off power at the breaker
2. Open all outlets/fixtures and disconnect wires
3. Detach wires from any conduit and pull them out
4. Remove conduit if possible while walls are open
5. Place old wires and conduit in removal bins

Check for Hidden Junctions

• Older wires may have hidden junctions buried inside walls
• Use a tone generator and probe to locate buried junction boxes
• Remove or reroute boxes as needed

Remove Old Wiring Safely

• Coil wires neatly to avoid tangles - Tangles can lead to dangerous pulling
• Wear gloves and long sleeves - Avoid scratches from old insulation
• Check for asbestos - Have suspect insulation tested
• Dispose of properly - Follow local hazardous waste guidelines

Install New Wires and Components

The fun part is finally installing the new wiring system. As you work, maintain focus on neatness and safety.

Run New Wires Through Conduit

• Use nonmetallic sheathed cable for most runs
• Utilize conduit for more protected circuits
• Pull cables carefully without kinking or damaging insulation

Position Outlets and Switches Properly

• Follow minimum height codes for installation location
• Ensure ground wires are securely attached

Connect Breaker Panel and Grounding

• Use compatible breakers and load center for your home's amperage
• Ensure ground wires connect properly to grounding rods/pipes - This protects from static shocks and surges

Affix Warning Signs

• Place "Danger: Live Wires" signs in the breaker panel and junction boxes
• Helps warn of danger if boxes must be accessed later

Get Electrical Inspections

• Most areas require permits and inspections for rewires
• Inspections ensure code compliance and safety

Restore Power and Test Thoroughly

After inspection approval, it's finally time to turn the power back on! I take it slow to check for issues:

• Power up one circuit at a time
• Test all outlets, switches, and appliances on each circuit
• Listen and look for signs of arcing or faulty connections
• Use a voltage tester to check for hot spots around switches and outlets
• Leave lights on in each room to verify proper connections
• Check breaker panel for signs of overload

Finding and addressing any problems immediately is crucial before allowing the system to operate long term.

Maintain Safety Ongoing

As a historic homeowner, I continue to exercise caution even after a rewire. Some key safety steps I follow include:

• Having an electrician inspect the full system every 5 years
• Addressing any recommended upgrades
• Examining appliances and outlets for signs of damage
• Never overloading circuits
• Storing wires properly to avoid pests biting insulation
• Keeping accessible junction boxes locked but labeled

My 1850s home has quirks that require extra vigilance. Following rigorous safety practices during and after a rewire has helped keep my family safe. Although rewiring an old home takes patience and care, the improved electrical reliability and safety are well worth the effort.