Rewiring your home can seem like a daunting task, but with the right knowledge and preparation, it can be done safely and efficiently. Here are some brilliant but little-known tips to help you rewire your home yourself.
Understanding Home Wiring Systems
Before beginning any rewiring project, it's important to understand the basics of home electrical systems.
Electrical Panel
The electrical panel, sometimes called the breaker box, is the central component that connects your home to the main power supply. This panel controls and distributes electricity throughout the house.
Familiarize yourself with the layout of your electrical panel and identify the purpose of each circuit breaker. This will help you shut off power to specific areas when rewiring.
Wiring Types
There are a few common wiring types found in homes:
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Copper - The primary conductor used for carrying current in most homes. Copper wiring has been used for decades.
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Aluminum - Aluminum wiring was used in some homes built between 1965-1975. It is no longer used because it can present fire hazards if not properly installed or maintained.
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Knob and Tube - An obsolete type of wiring that consists of single copper conductors run through ceramic knobs and tubes. Found in older homes.
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Armored Cable (BX) - An insulated metal sheathed cable that provides extra protection. Common in older homes.
Identify what types of wiring are present before beginning any rewiring. This will help determine if upgrades are needed.
Electrical Codes
Always check your local and national electrical codes before doing any electrical work. Codes provide important safety guidelines like the amperage of circuits, number of outlets per circuit, and required wire sizes.
Refer to the latest version of the National Electrical Code (NEC) published by NFPA. Many local codes are based on the NEC.
Safety Precautions
Rewiring a home comes with risks of electric shock and fire hazards if not done safely. Follow these precautions:
Turn Off Power
Turn off power at the main breaker before accessing any wiring. Then verify power is off by testing outlets with a multimeter or outlet tester.
Use Personal Protective Equipment
Wear safety glasses, work gloves, and appropriate closed-toe shoes when handling wiring. This gear protects against shocks, cuts, and abrasions.
Beware of Hidden Wires
Assume all wires are live until verified with a meter. Hidden live wires are a danger when cutting into walls and ceilings. Turn power off and use a non-contact voltage tester.
Install GFCIs
GFCI outlets (ground fault circuit interrupters) shut off power in milliseconds if abnormal current is detected. Install these near sinks and other wet areas to prevent shocks.
Avoid Overloads
Do not overload circuits by plugging in more devices than the wiring is rated for. Overheated wires can ignite fires.
Choosing the Right Wire Size
Selecting the proper wire size is critical for safety and performance. Consider these factors:
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Amp rating - Match wire size to the amperage rating of the circuit breaker. For example, use #14 AWG for 15 amp circuits.
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Voltage - Most general purpose branch circuits use 120V. Calculate voltage drop to determine larger sizes for 240V.
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Run length - Long wire runs cause voltage drop so may need thicker wire.
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Conductor types - Compare thickness of different materials like copper vs. aluminum.
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Usage - High demand circuits like for major appliances require thicker wire than lighting circuits.
Refer to conductor ampacity charts to determine the correct size wire for your home's circuits.
Running & Securing New Wires
When installing new wiring, follow best practices:
Use Proper Sheathing
Protect wires from damage by running them through flexible tubing or conduit. Use NM cable (Romex) for most indoor runs.
Secure Wires Properly
Use insulated staples or plastic zip ties every 4-6 feet along supports. Do not use metal nails or screws that could damage insulation.
Maintain Bends & Curves
Avoid sharp bends and maintain at least 4" radius curves in wires whenever possible. Sharp corners increase resistance.
Leave Extra Length
Leave some slack at connections to allow for adjustments. Provide 6-8 extra inches at outlets and switches.
Keep Wires Organized
Group and label wires with tape at junction points for easier identification. Verify hot/neutral/ground connections.
Attach Grounds Securely
Connect copper ground wires securely to grounded outlets, switches and the ground bus bar in the service panel using approved clamps or lugs.
Helpful Rewiring Tips
Follow this additional advice for a successful rewiring project:
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Reroute one circuit at a time - This allows other rooms to remain powered during the project.
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Take pictures before dismantling - Document the existing setup to help replicate wire connections.
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Label everything - Use tags or tape to mark all wires so you know their destination.
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Test before turning power back on - Verify wires are intact and circuits are not overloaded.
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Allow local inspections - Most areas require electrical permits and inspections to meet code.
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Hire an electrician if needed - For complex jobs or portions you don't feel comfortable doing.
Safety Checklist Before Turning Power Back On
Before restoring power after rewiring:
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[ ] Verify no exposed conductors or loose connections
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[ ] Test GFCIs and outlets with a receptacle tester
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[ ] Check breakers are properly matched to circuit amperages
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[ ] Inspect for punctured wire sheathing or staples through insulation
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[ ] Replace covers on junction boxes and outlets
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[ ] Check grounding connections are tight
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[ ] Scan for tools or debris left behind in boxes
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[ ] Have an electrician inspect if needed
With proper planning and safe installation methods, you can tackle rewiring any room in your home. Follow these tips to gain the confidence and skills for this important DIY project. Always put safety first!