Rewiring a home can be a daunting task, but with proper planning and execution, it is possible to update your electrical system without running afoul of local building codes. Here is a comprehensive guide to rewiring your house safely and legally.
Reasons for Rewiring
There are several common reasons homeowners choose to rewire their house:
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Upgrading to a 200 amp service - Many older homes only have 100 amp electrical service. This may not provide enough power for modern devices and appliances. Upgrading allows you to run more high-wattage electronics without tripping breakers.
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Aluminum wiring replacements - Aluminum wiring was used in many homes built between 1965 and 1973. It is prone to overheating and arcing, creating fire hazards. Replacing it with copper wire eliminates this risk.
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Faulty or outdated wiring - Outdated wiring that does not meet modern code requirements can be unsafe. Faulty wiring with frayed insulation or improper connections also needs to be replaced.
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Removing knob and tube wiring - This outdated wiring from the 1920s and earlier is extremely unsafe. Most building codes prohibit it and require its removal.
Dangers of Unpermitted Work
It is tempting to rewire a house without obtaining proper permits to save time and money. However, this creates significant risks:
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Local building codes exist to ensure safety. Work that violates them puts you and future homeowners in danger.
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Unpermitted work can affect your home insurance coverage. Insurance companies may refuse to pay out claims for damage caused by unpermitted electrical work.
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If unpermitted work is discovered, you may have to undo it and pay fines. In serious cases, the house could be condemned until corrected.
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Buyers typically require proof of permitted work. Unpermitted rewiring can make it difficult to sell the home later.
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Lending institutions will not finance a purchase knowing that improper rewiring was done. This makes the house difficult to sell.
Working with Electricians
Rewiring a whole house is complex, time-consuming work best left to licensed electricians. Trying to save money by doing it yourself without experience puts your safety at risk.
The key is finding the right electrician:
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Ask friends and neighbors for referrals. An electrician with a proven track record in your area is ideal.
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Verify they are fully licensed and insured. This protects you from liability.
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Ask about their experience with whole house rewiring projects. You want an expert, not someone learning on the job.
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Get multiple quotes to find the best rates. Be wary of quotes that seem too good to be true.
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Check reviews and talk to references to confirm quality work. You want someone known for safety and code compliance.
The Permitting Process
Electrical work requires permits from your local building department. The steps typically include:
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The electrician or homeowner submits a permit application with a description of the planned work.
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The building department reviews the application against local and national electrical codes. Additional information may be requested.
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Once approved, the permit is issued. This allows work to legally commence.
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The building department will inspect the work at multiple points to ensure it meets code. The inspector must approve each stage before work continues.
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After the final inspection, a certificate of occupancy is issued. This signals completion of permitted work.
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The permits and inspection records should be maintained to show future buyers the work was done properly.
Key Elements of a Code-Compliant Rewire
It is your electrician's responsibility to perform the rewiring correctly, but basic code requirements include:
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A dedicated electrical panel matching the amperage of the incoming service. A 200 amp service requires a compatible panel.
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Copper wiring with insulation rated for the location. Underground or damp areas may need specialized wiring.
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GFCI outlets in wet areas like kitchens, bathrooms, etc. This detects faults and prevents electrocution.
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AFCI breakers on most living area circuits. This detects dangerous arcs in wiring and cuts power to prevent fires.
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Proper wire sizing based on expected electrical load as determined by code. Undersized wires can overheat.
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Secure connections with approved connectors. Loose wiring creates resistance and heat.
By following the proper processes and insisting on code-compliant work, you can safely upgrade your home's electrical system and enjoy the benefits for years to come.