How to Rewire Your Home Without Dying - A Guide for the Uninitiated

Introduction

Rewiring a home can seem like a daunting task, but with proper planning and safety precautions, even an electrical novice can successfully update their home's wiring. As someone who has rewired my home without electrocuting myself, I've learned some key lessons that I will share in this guide.

While a professional electrician is the safest option, DIY electrical work can be rewarding and cost-effective if approached carefully. This guide will walk you through the basics of home rewiring, from deciding which circuits to upgrade to working safely around electricity. I'll also provide tips to help you avoid beginner mistakes that could literally shock you.

So if you're ready to take on some electrical upgrades in your house, read on for my advice on rewiring without dying!

Understanding Home Wiring Basics

Before touching a single wire, it's important to understand the fundamentals of home electrical systems. Here are some key concepts:

Electrical Circuits

• Homes have multiple circuits that each power different rooms or groups of outlets/lights.
• Most standard homes have 100-200 amp, 120/240-volt electrical service.
• Overloaded circuits can cause tripped breakers or safety hazards.

Electrical Panels

• The main electrical panel contains circuit breakers that shut off power to wires if overloaded.
• Upgrading your panel may be needed to add more circuits.
• Federal Pacific and Zinsco panels should be replaced as they are prone to problems.

Wiring Types

• Modern wiring uses flexible NM (nonmetallic) cables with a ground wire.
• Older homes may still have outdated knob-and-tube wiring which should be upgraded.
• Aluminum wiring requires special treatment to be used safely.

Choosing Which Circuits to Upgrade

Once you have a handle on the basics, it's time to decide which circuits need upgrades. Here are some factors to consider:

• Overloaded circuits: Indicated by frequently tripped breakers. Additional circuits can split the load.
• Insufficient circuits: If your needs have changed, new lighting or outlet circuits may be needed.
• Outdated wiring: Unsafe knob-and-tube wiring or insufficient grounding should be addressed.
• Voltage needs: For large appliances, 240V circuits may be required.

Evaluate each room's electrical needs, safety issues, and any problems with frequent breaker trips. Prioritize upgrades based on these factors and your budget.

Gathering the Right Rewiring Supplies

Before getting started, you'll need to stock up on some basic electrical supplies:

• NM cables - Use 12 or 14 gauge cables for 15 to 20 amp home circuits.

• Cable staples - To tack cables to studs or joists.

• Wire connectors - Get twist-on wire connectors rated for the right wire gauge.

• Circuit breakers - Check your electrical panel brand for compatible breakers.

• Cable ripper - Makes opening walls easier to route new cables.

• Voltage tester - Essential safety tool to detect live wires.

• Wire strippers - A must for stripping wire insulation.

• Fish tape - Helps snake wires through walls.

Shop at home improvement stores once you've made your plan and supply list. Having the right tools for the job will make the rewiring process smoother.

Safety First! Avoiding Electrocution

Electricity can easily kill or severely injure, so safety should be your top concern. Follow these tips to avoid electrocution or shocks:

• Turn off power at the main breaker - This de-energizes the wires you'll be working on.

• Verify power is off with a voltage tester - Check wires before touching.

• Work one circuit at a time - Don't open up the whole system at once.

• Wear insulated gloves - Protect yourself in case of accidental contact with live wires.

• Triple check connections - Faulty connections can lead to arcs, shocks, or fires.

• Keep wires isolated - Use plastic wire nuts and electrical tape to prevent loose connections.

• Never work alone - Have someone there to call 911 in case of emergency.

• Call a professional if unsure - Some electrical tasks are best left to the experts.

Proper planning and precaution will help ensure you stay safe. Don't rush the work - mistakes could cost you your life!

Step-by-Step Process for Rewiring

Once preparations are complete, it's time for the rewiring process itself. Here is an overview of the typical workflow:

1. Turn Off Power and Install New Breaker(s)

Shut off the main breaker and verify power is dead with a voltage tester. If adding circuits, install new breakers now according to your plan.

2. Remove Old Wires

Open up walls, ceilings, etc. and remove outdated wiring. Use care not to contact live wires in adjacent areas. Dispose of old wires properly.

3. Route and Install New NM Cables

Run cables between the panel and outlets. Staple cables to studs and joists at least 1 1/4" from edges. Leave some extra length.

4. Connect Wires

Refer to wiring diagrams for correct connections. Join wires properly with twist-on connectors. Wrap finished connections with electrical tape.

5. Mount New Outlets and Devices

Install any new electrical boxes, outlets, switches and cover plates. Ensure all devices are well-secured.

6. Label and Close Up

Label breakers clearly. Patch walls and ceilings. Install insulation, vapor barriers, and trim pieces.

7. Restore Power and Test

Turn the main breaker back on. Carefully test each outlet for proper function. Add faceplates and you're done!

By following these steps methodically for each circuit, you can feel confident in your first rewiring project.

Common Rewiring Blunders to Avoid

While the basic process is straightforward, mistakes can still happen. Watch out for these common pitfalls:

• Touching live wires accidentally - This painful (or deadly) mistake happens without proper safety steps. Turn power OFF!

• Inadequate wire securing - Loose connections cause arcing/fires. Tug test all wires.

• Wrong breaker amperage - A 20A breaker on 14 gauge wire will trip excessively or dangerously overload the circuit.

• Overloading neutral wires - Unbalanced loads put too much strain on neutral current return paths.

• Miswiring connections - Crossed neutral and hot wires can seriously damage electronics or cause shocks. Verify each wire placement.

• Poor grounding - Every box and wire must be properly grounded to protect from shocks. Don't skip this vital step!

With vigilance, you can avoid these hazards. Take it slow and get help if needed.

When to Call an Electrician

While many home wiring projects are DIY-friendly, some are best left to professional electricians:

• Service panel upgrades - The main panel and service line work is complex.

• 240V circuits - Special equipment like ovens or machinery may require a certified electrician.

• Whole home rewiring - Extensive rewiring is better left to the pros, unless you're very experienced.

• Code compliance - Electricians ensure work passes inspection. DIY projects may need rework.

• Confusing wiring situations - If you're unsure how to proceed, it's better to be safe and call a pro.

Play to your skill level and don't overextend yourself. You'll get the satisfaction of completing your own work, while knowing when to bring in an expert.

Conclusion: Stay Safe and Be Prepared

Rewiring your home is an ambitious project, but it can be executed successfully by a DIYer who does their homework. The keys are understanding basic wiring concepts, having the proper tools and supplies, and following strict safety procedures. Remember to turn power off, work carefully, label everything, and avoid common mistakes like loose connections. Know when to call a pro too.

By methodically applying safety knowledge and skills, you can upgrade your home's wiring without getting hurt. The improvement will enhance your home's functionality for years to come. Just take it slow and be sure you are up for the task. With the right amount of research and caution, you can rewire like a pro!