Introduction
Rewiring the outlets in your home can provide some great benefits if done properly and safely. With some basic electrical knowledge and the right tools, a homeowner can upgrade their electrical system to add more outlets, replace old and unsafe wiring, and gain the convenience of having outlets just where they need them.
I recently completed a full outlet rewiring project in my home without hiring an electrician. In this comprehensive DIY guide, I'll share everything I learned so you can take on this project yourself.
Safety Precautions
Before digging into any electrical project, safety should be your top concern. Electricity can be extremely dangerous if wiring is handled improperly. Here are some key safety tips:
- Turn off the main breaker to fully disconnect power to the area you'll be working on. Verify power is off by testing outlets with a multimeter or outlet tester.
- Use non-contact voltage testers to detect live wires hidden behind walls before drilling or cutting.
- Wear insulated gloves and eye protection.
- Never work on wiring alone - have someone there to call for help in an emergency.
- Disconnect the ground wire last when removing wires, and reconnect it first for safety.
- Make sure all wiring connections are secure and enclosed in electrical boxes.
Following basic electrical safety protocols is crucial to avoid electrocution, shocks, fires, and other hazards. If you don't feel completely confident working with electrical systems, consider hiring an electrician instead.
Gather the Right Materials
To rewire outlets successfully, you'll need:
- Wall plates and receptacles - Choose tamper-resistant outlets for safety. Match colors and styles to existing hardware.
- Electrical boxes - Plastic or metal boxes house wiring connections.
- NM-B Electrical Wire - 12 or 14 gauge is standard. Have plenty extra.
- Wire strippers - A proper tool makes connections easier.
- Screwdrivers - Flat head for installing receptacles and plates. Phillips for box screws.
- Multimeter - To test voltages and continuity.
- Fish tape - To route wiring through walls.
- Cable staples - Fasten wire to framing.
- Wire nuts - Securely connect wire ends.
- Voltage tester - Detect live wires.
- Insulated gloves - Protect yourself from shocks.
Gather all supplies prior to starting to make the process go smoothly. Having the right tools for the job makes electrical work much easier.
Planning Your New Outlet Locations
Carefully mapping out where you want to add new outlets or move existing ones is an important first step. Here are some tips for planning:
- Think about where devices will be used in each room and provide adequate, conveniently placed outlets.
- Don't overload circuits - apply the electrical load calculator so you don't exceed the limit.
- Keep outlets away from water sources like sinks and bathtubs.
- Install ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) outlets in any damp location.
- Note which circuits different outlets are on using a receptacle tester.
- Space outlets evenly around the room. Aim for 12 feet between outlets.
- Draw up plans indicating existing and new outlet locations.
Putting thought into outlet placement will provide optimal convenience and avoid potential issues down the road.
How to Safely Rewire Electrical Outlets
Once you've gathered supplies and mapped out your plans, you're ready to get to work. Follow these steps to safely rewire outlets:
Turn Off Power and Disconnect Wires
Start by using the main breaker panel to cut power to the room you are working in. Test that outlets are dead before disconnecting them. Remove cover plates, unscrew receptacles, and detach wires.
Prepare New Electrical Boxes
If adding new outlet locations, cut holes for additional boxes and mount them securely to studs. Feed the new NM-B wire through first before attaching the boxes. Use cable staples every 4-6 inches when surface mounting wire.
Route and Connect New Wiring
Determine wiring paths between the breaker, existing outlets, and any new boxes. Carefully run and staple the wire into place. Leave plenty of excess at ends to work with. Connect the hot (black), neutral (white), and ground (green or bare) wires securely using wire nuts.
Install New Receptacles
Attach each outlet's wires to the matching hot, neutral, and ground screws. Follow diagrams on the receptacle. Fold wires neatly into the boxes, screw outlets into place, put on cover plates, then turn power back on.
Test New Circuits and Connections
Verify proper polarity and grounding on each outlet. Plug in lamps or devices and test each one. Use a multimeter to check voltages. If problems arise, double check connections before proceeding.
Take your time following these steps and use caution when working with live electrical components. Thoroughly test all work before completing the project.
Conclusion
Rewiring outlets isn't extremely complicated but does carry risks if safety is neglected. As long as you power down the area you are working on, take precautions against shocks, use quality materials, and carefully connect the new wiring, you can upgrade your home's electrical system successfully without calling an electrician. Just be ready to take your time and exercise patience throughout the process.
The result will be outlets that are safer, more abundant, and ideally placed according to your needs. Understanding how to rewire outlets yourself provides a valuable skill for tackling electrical projects and improving your home.