How to Safely Install Your Own Low Voltage Landscape Lighting

Installing low voltage landscape lighting can greatly enhance the beauty and functionality of your outdoor space. With some planning and care, you can safely install your own low voltage lighting system. Here is a step-by-step guide to help you successfully install landscape lighting that is up to code and safe.

Planning Your Low Voltage Landscape Lighting System

The first step is to come up with a plan for where you want to place lights and what areas you want to illuminate. Here are some tips for planning:

Walk through your yard at night to determine which features you want to highlight, such as paths, trees, flower beds, etc. Decide if you want your lighting to be functional (like path lighting) or for ambience.
Make a sketch of your yard and where you think lights should go. Mark different areas like your patio, paths, trees. etc. This will help you purchase the right amount of lighting.
Determine what type of lights you need. Path lighting requires smaller low-profile fixtures while spotlights work better for highlighting architectural features. You may want a mix.
Check local codes and regulations for any requirements on landscape lighting. Many neighborhoods prohibit very bright lighting that can spill onto other properties.
Decide on 12V or 24V system. 12V is good for smaller installations up to 50' from transformer. 24V works better for larger yards.

Purchasing the Components

You will need to purchase:

Low voltage landscape lighting fixtures - Choose quality fixtures that are UL listed for outdoor/wet locations. Consider wiring them in a series for easier installation.
Low voltage outdoor wiring - 12 or 14 gauge is optimal. Get direct burial cable for running wiring underground.
Transformer - Select a transformer that can handle your total wattage needs. Choose a 12V or 24V model. Get at least 25% more capacity than you need.
Timer or photosensor - This allows automatic on/off control of your system. Get a model rated for your transformer voltage.
Other supplies: wire connectors, mounting stakes, PVC conduit for below ground wiring runs, junction boxes, silicone gel for connections.

Installing the Landscape Lighting

Follow these steps for safe installation:

1. Install the Transformer

The transformer must be installed in a dry location and at least 6 inches above ground. An exterior wall is ideal.
Follow all manufacturer instructions for proper wiring from your home's circuit breaker box. Use 12 or 10 gauge wire for connections.
Have a qualified electrician make final connections if you are unsure. Use a GFCI protected circuit.

2. Run the Low Voltage Wires

Lay out the lighting plan and mark fixture locations with spray paint or stakes.
Bury the main low voltage wiring runs at least 6 inches underground in PVC conduit for protection. Use direct burial cable.
Run branching wires above ground from the main lines to each fixture location. Use landscape staples to secure.
Leave 12-18 inches of slack at each fixture location so you can adjust placement if needed.

3. Install the Landscape Lighting Fixtures

Follow manufacturer instructions for proper wiring connections. Use gel-filled wire connectors for outdoor use.
Mount fixtures securely using provided stakes or screws if attaching to a hardscape. Angle spotlights properly.
Make sure fixtures are listed for wet locations if they may get rained on. Use conduit for above ground wires.
Do not overload transformer. Check that you do not exceed the transformer's wattage capacity across all fixtures.

4. Connect the Timer and Test

Install the timer or photosensor according to its instructions. This provides control of when the lights turn on and off.
Test the lighting at night and move or adjust fixtures as needed to achieve the coverage you want.
Check for any high-resistance connections which can cause lights to flicker or dim. Re-do any questionable connections.

Safety Tips

Never cross low voltage and high voltage wiring. Keep them totally separate.
Install GFCI protection on the circuit powering the transformer. This will shut off power if a short occurs.
Make sure all outdoor connections are gel-filled and 100% waterproof. Use conduit for above ground wire runs.
Don't overload the transformer. Stay within its rated wattage capacity.
Check that all fixtures are rated for wet locations. Look for the UL "moisture resistant" rating.

With good planning and care, you can have beautiful, functional low voltage landscape lighting that adds elegance and safety to your outdoor space for years to come. Pay close attention to all electrical codes and safety standards. Consult a professional if you have any doubts. Take your time, do it right the first time, and enjoy the amazing results.