Determine Your Power Needs

When running extension cords in your home, the first step is to determine what you will be powering and how much wattage is required. Consider the following:

• Make a list of all the devices and appliances you need to power. For each one, check the label or manual to find the wattage rating. Add up the total wattages.

• Extension cords have a maximum wattage capacity. Do not exceed this, as it poses a fire hazard. Choose cords rated for at least the total wattage you need.

• Factor in surge wattages. Items with motors or heating elements like refrigerators and hair dryers require more power for starting up than running continuously.

• Allow extra capacity for future needs. It's better to have too much than not enough.

Key Points

• Calculate total wattage needed by adding up ratings for all appliances and devices.

• Choose an extension cord with a wattage rating exceeding your needs.

• Account for surge wattages and future capacity needs when sizing cords.

Select Proper Gauge Extension Cords

The wire gauge of an extension cord determines the maximum amperage and wattage it can safely handle. Follow these guidelines:

• 16 gauge - Good for general household use up to 13 amps/1625 watts. Best for low-power devices like lamps, phone chargers, TVs.

• 14 gauge - Handles 15 amps/1875 watts. Good for most household appliances like vacuum cleaners, monitors, game consoles.

• 12 gauge - Heavy duty, up to 20 amps/2400 watts. For high-power devices like power tools, hair dryers, window ACs.

• Longer runs require thicker gauges. A 50 ft 14 gauge cord can only safely handle 10 amps.

• For extension cords over 100 feet, 10 gauge or thicker is recommended.

• Match cord gauge to the device. Using a cord with too small a gauge can cause overheating.

Key Points

• Choose cord gauge based on length of run and power needs.

• 16 gauge for light loads, 14 gauge for most household uses, 12 gauge for high-power devices.

• Longer extension cords require thicker wire gauges for safety.

Plan Cord Route Through the Home

When running extension cords through a home, the path followed by the cord is important for safety:

• Avoid high traffic areas. Don't run cords across doorways or hallways where they can be tripped over and damaged.

• Keep cords away from water. Bathrooms, sinks, and outdoors when raining are hazards.

• Do not pinch cords. Cords run under furniture or tightly around corners are fire risks.

• Never nail or staple cords in place. This damages the insulation. Use cable holders or clips instead.

• Keep cords out of reach of children and pets who may chew on them.

• Check condition of cords periodically. Discard any with frayed or cracked insulation. Replace if over 5 years old.

• Label cords with their gauge rating and maximum capacity if unclear.

Key Points

• Route cords safely away from foot traffic, water hazards, and pinch points.

• Never nail or staple cords in place. Use cable holders instead.

• Inspect cords periodically and replace damaged or old ones.

Use Proper Cord Management

Taking steps to manage your extension cords allows you to use them safely long-term:

• Coil excess cord length. Loose loops can cause tangles or damage.

• Use cable ties, holders, or clips to neatly organize multiple cords.

• For temporary setups, tape cords to the floor or wall. Do not leave loose on floor for tripping hazard.

• Unplug cords when not in use to avoid overload from multiple devices.

• Consider installing more permanent outlets to reduce extension cord use. Hire an electrician if unfamiliar.

• Use surge protectors at outlets to protect devices from voltage spikes.

• For outdoor use, choose grounded, water-resistant extension cords marked "WA" for wet areas.

Key Points

• Neatly coil or tie cords to control excess length. Tape down temp cords.

• Unplug cords when not needed. Install more outlets for permanent needs.

• Use surge protectors and outdoor-rated cords where applicable.

Summary

Safely running extension cords requires:

• Choosing the right cord gauge for wattage needs and run length.

• Routing cords away from hazards like foot traffic and water.

• Managing cords to prevent damage, tangles, overload.

• Regular inspection and replacement of worn cords.

Following these best practices allows you to utilize extension cords without overloading your home's wiring or creating tripping and fire hazards. With proper setup and maintenance, extension cords can be used safely for both temporary and permanent needs.