Working with hazardous chemicals comes with risks that require proper handling and storage to keep workers safe. Thankfully, OSHA provides clear regulations on safely storing these substances to protect health and prevent accidents. By understanding OSHA rules and implementing best practices, I can securely store hazardous chemicals in my lab or workplace.
Evaluating Chemical Hazards
Before determining safe storage methods, I first need to identify the types of hazardous chemicals I'm working with and the dangers they pose. Some key factors to consider include:
- Toxicity - How poisonous is the substance? Can it cause immediate harm or long-term health effects?
- Flammability - How easily could the chemical ignite and cause a fire or explosion?
- Reactivity - Is the substance unstable and prone to reacting dangerously with air, water, or other chemicals?
- Corrosivity - Can the chemical degrade storage containers or burn skin/eyes?
Consulting a chemical's Safety Data Sheet (SDS) provides specifics on these risks so I can assess if it requires special precautions. SDS information also helps me select suitable storage containers.
OSHA Storage Requirements
OSHA sets legal guidelines for hazardous chemical storage under its Hazard Communication Standard (29 CFR 1910.1200). Key requirements include:
Container Selection
- Compatible material - Containers must be made of substances that won't react dangerously with the chemical being stored. For acids and bases, use HDPE plastic instead of metal.
- Tight seals - Lids and caps should completely seal containers to prevent leaks and limit evaporation. Use screw caps or stopper lids.
- Proper labeling - Every container must display labels with the chemical name, hazards, safety precautions, and manufacturer details.
Storage Location
- Ventilated space - Store chemicals in rooms with ample airflow to prevent buildup of toxic or flammable vapors. Have fans exhaust to the outdoors.
- Fire safety - Avoid ignition sources like open flames or electrical equipment. Install sprinkler systems and fire extinguishers rated for chemical fires.
- Spill containment - Use cabinets and shelves with built-in lips to contain leaks and spills. Have spill kits on hand for emergency cleanup.
- Secure from access - Only authorized personnel should handle hazardous chemicals. Use locked storage rooms.
Incompatible Chemical Separation
- Segregate by hazard class - Group chemicals into combustible, flammable, oxidizing, corrosive, and toxic categories.
- Separate incompatible materials - Store substances that could dangerously interact on different shelves or cabinets with failsafe buffers between them.
- Limit quantity - Only keep the minimum amount necessary. Having large quantities together increases risks.
Additional Best Practices
Beyond OSHA rules, I should implement these best practices when storing hazardous chemicals:
- Arrange containers alphabetically to maintain organization and avoid misidentification errors.
- Conduct regular inspections to check for leaks, expired chemicals, and damaged containers.
- Limit container size to under 4 liters when possible to reduce spill risks.
- Have proper PPE available, like gloves, goggles, and aprons, for handling chemicals safely.
- Use secondary containment, like trays under containers, to catch leaks.
- Install eye wash and safety showers to respond to chemical splashes or burns.
- Clean spills immediately following safety protocols to prevent slips and chemical reactions.
Handling Compressed Gas Cylinders
Compressed gases like oxygen, hydrogen, and ammonia pose specialized hazards. Here are key OSHA rules for their storage:
- Secure cylinders upright using chains or straps to prevent falls.
- Keep cylinders capped when not actively in use.
- Store cylinders outdoors or in well-ventilated indoor areas.
- Segregate fuel gases like propane from oxidizing gases like oxygen.
- Label cylinders clearly and move empty ones to a designated storage area.
Conclusion
Storing hazardous chemicals safely requires assessing risks, following OSHA guidance, and applying best practices. With sensible precautions, I can work securely with these substances and avoid health hazards or accidents. Consulting my employer's safety team is also wise for ensuring local regulatory compliance and contingency planning. Maintaining a safe chemical storage environment ultimately protects myself, co-workers, and the surrounding community.