How to Safely Store Toxic Chemicals Without Violating Regulations

Storing toxic chemicals safely and legally can seem daunting, but is quite achievable if you follow some basic guidelines. As the owner of a business or laboratory that uses hazardous materials, I am responsible for ensuring my chemical storage methods meet occupational safety standards and environmental regulations. Neglecting these duties puts my employees, community, and the environment at risk. However, by taking the right precautions, I can avoid violations and ensure everyone's health and safety.

Conducting a Chemical Inventory

The first step is conducting a thorough inventory of all hazardous substances in my facility. I need to document:

• The full chemical name and trade name
• The location where each chemical is stored
• The amount or volume on hand
• Any associated hazards (flammability, toxicity, reactivity, etc.)

I should update this inventory regularly as chemicals are used up or new ones are brought on site. An accurate inventory helps me safely manage my chemicals and know when I am approaching regulatory limits on quantity.

Following Storage guidelines

Once I know what hazardous materials I have, proper storage is crucial. I need to followOccupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) protocols, including:

Ventilation

• Ensure storage areas are well-ventilated to prevent buildup of toxic fumes
• Use localized ventilation systems when working with open chemicals

Containers

• Keep chemicals in sealed, compatible containers that are in good condition
• Never store chemicals in food containers
• Label every container clearly with contents, hazards, and expiration date

Separation

• Store incompatible chemicals separately to avoid dangerous reactions
• Separate acids from bases, flammables from oxidizers, etc.
• Segregate chemicals by hazard class

Storage cabinets and rooms

• Use corrosion-resistant cabinets designed for chemical storage
• Ensure cabinets and storage rooms have spill containment systems
• Limit combustible materials in areas storing flammable chemicals

Secondary containment

• Provide secondary containment like dikes or spill pallets to prevent leaks and spills from spreading

Security

• Restrict access to hazardous chemical storage areas
• Keep storage areas locked when not in use

Fire safety

• Ensure adequate portable fire extinguishers are available
• Do not obstruct sprinkler systems or other fire protection equipment

Observing Quantity Limits

In addition to storage methods, I need to know and observe all quantity limits for hazardous materials. Exceeding threshold quantities can trigger additional regulations and permitting requirements. Important quantity limits include:

• OSHA Permissible Exposure Limits (PELs) - The maximum amount of a chemical someone can be safely exposed to without risking health effects.

• EPA Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) limits - The EPA sets regulatory thresholds for hazardous waste generators. Staying below these limits reduces compliance burdens.

• EPA Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) limits - The EPA restricts the use and disposal of chemicals like PCBs and asbestos under TSCA. Users must understand authorized amounts.

• Fire code hazardous material limits - Fire codes restrict the maximum allowable quantities of flammable and combustible liquids. Exceeding these limits can require special permits, storage, and fire protection upgrades.

I need to consult Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) and regularly audit my inventory to avoid exceeding any relevant limits. Careful tracking and planning ensures I can acquire only necessary quantities.

Following Disposal Procedures

When I no longer need a hazardous chemical, it cannot just be tossed in the trash. Proper disposal is essential. I need to:

• Work with a qualified, permitted disposal company
• Dispose of chemicals based on their hazard class and applicable regulations
• Never mix incompatible chemicals prior to disposal
• Ensure all disposal containers are properly labeled
• Keep detailed manifests for all chemicals and waste I have disposed of

Some chemicals like solvents or oils can be recycled. When possible, I should explore recycling options before disposal.

Maintaining Accurate Records

Thorough recordkeeping is crucial to demonstrate I am safely managing my chemicals and complying with regulations. Important records I need include:

• My chemical inventory list
• MSDS for every chemical on-site
• Training records for employees who handle chemicals
• Inspection logs for storage areas and safety equipment
• Chemical waste manifests and disposal receipts
• Testing and monitoring results (e.g. air quality tests)
• Permits and documentation related to chemical purchases and use

Regulators can request to see these records at any time. Complete, accurate documentation proves my compliance and helps me safely run my business.

By approaching chemical storage with care and forethought, I can maintain a safe facility while avoiding regulatory headaches. While intimidating at first, basic chemical hygiene, containment, and documentation will satisfy inspectors and give me confidence I am running an environmentally sound, OSHA-compliant business. When in doubt, I should consult trained environmental health and safety professionals.