How to Troubleshoot Unusual Electrical Problems in Older Homes

Introduction

Troubleshooting unusual electrical issues in older homes can be challenging. Electrical systems degrade over time, and older homes often have outdated wiring that can cause problems. With some diligence and electrical knowledge, homeowners can safely track down the source of electrical issues. This guide will provide tips on how to troubleshoot unusual electrical problems in older homes.

Common Electrical Issues in Older Homes

Some electrical problems seen more often in older homes include:

Frequent tripped circuit breakers or blown fuses: Outdated wiring and circuits can overload and trip breakers or blow fuses. Check for too many appliances on one circuit.
Dimming/flickering lights: This indicates a loose neutral wire connection. Check wiring connections at outlets and switches.
Odd odors from outlets: Smells like burning plastic can mean overheated wires. Unplug appliances on affected outlets immediately.
** Buzzing switch plates/outlet covers:** Buzzing behind a wall plate can indicate an arcing wire connection. This is a fire hazard.
Uneven power distribution: Having some rooms with adequate power and others with low voltage points to a wiring issue.
Frequently popped GFCIs: If GFCIs pop frequently without an apparent cause, the wiring may have damage.

Inspecting the Electrical Panel

Check for corrosion on the main service wiring connections to the electrical meter. Corrosion can cause resistance leading to overheating.
Examine the main circuit breaker and wire size. 100 amps may not be adequate for modern demand. Upgrading to 200 amps may be needed.
Check for double tapping, where two wires are connected to a single breaker terminal. This can cause overheating and is unsafe.
Ensure all circuits are properly labeled. Mislabeled circuits make troubleshooting difficult.
Watch for signs of overheating like discolored wires, melted plastic, or burnt smell. This can indicate unsafe wiring.

Checking Condition of Wires

Inspect visible wires for cracked/frayed insulation and exposed copper. Damaged insulation can lead to shorts and shocks.
Verify wires are properly sized. Undersized wires can overheat from excess current. 8 gauge is the minimum for 15-20 amp circuits.
Check for knob-and-tube wiring. This outdated method has safety concerns due to lack of grounding. Upgrading is recommended.
Watch for wire splices wrapped in electrical tape instead of wire nuts. Poor connections can arc and cause fires.

Examining Outlets and Switches

Verify outlets are grounded with three prong slots. Ungrounded outlets are outdated and unsafe. Upgrading to GFCIs can add protection.
Check for outlets or switches that are warm or make crackling noises. These indicate unsafe electrical connections.
Test outlets with a circuit tester to check for open grounds or reverse polarity, which can indicate wiring errors.
Confirm backstab connections on outlets aren't used. Backstabs can loosen over time leading to arcing faults. Use side wire connections instead.

Locating Trouble Spots

Turn off power and remove cover plates to inspect connections. Signs of overheating may point to the source of problems.
Check connections in the attic, basement, garage and outdoor areas which are prone to environmental damage like corrosion.
Consider wiring conditions in renovated rooms. Installation errors during remodeling projects can cause electrical issues later.
Document problems methodically for each circuit. Keep notes detailing symptoms, locations affected, and possible causes. Compare with past electrician invoices for insights.

When to Call an Electrician

Some electrical problems are best left to the experts. Call a licensed electrician if:

You lack the expertise to diagnose the root cause of an issue.
The electrical panel needs significant repairs or replacements.
Extensive re-wiring may be necessary.
You uncover very old wiring techniques like knob-and-tube wiring.
The issues pose major fire or electrocution risks.

Stay safe when dealing with unusual electrical issues. With vigilance and proper precautions, many problems can be addressed DIY-style. But know when to call a professional for large-scale repairs and upgrades.