How to Troubleshoot Unusual Electrical Problems in Your Commercial Building

As the owner or manager of a commercial building, I know that keeping the electricity running smoothly is crucial. However, unusual electrical issues can arise that require some detective work to resolve. In this comprehensive guide, I'll walk through the major steps involved in troubleshooting unusual electrical problems in commercial spaces.

Identifying the Problem

The first step is identifying that an unusual electrical issue exists in the first place. Here are some common symptoms that indicate a problem:

• Frequent tripped circuit breakers - If certain circuit breakers trip repeatedly, it likely indicates an underlying electrical issue on that circuit.

• Flickering or dimming lights - This usually means there is not consistent power reaching the light fixtures. It could point to a wiring problem.

• Malfunctioning electrical equipment - If tools, machinery or appliances randomly power off or reset, it may stem from inadequate power delivery.

• GFCI outlets tripping - Ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) outlets are very sensitive and will trip for even small issues like arcs, shorts or imbalanced loads. Pay attention if they trip frequently.

• Burning smells - An unusual burning odor usually means something is overheating and wires or connections may be damaged. This is a potential fire hazard if not addressed.

Carefully observing symptoms like these can help me narrow down where to start investigating. The specific details of the issue also provide helpful clues about the possible cause.

Inspecting the Electrical Panel

After identifying a potential electrical problem, the main electrical panel is the next place I'll investigate. Here are key things to check:

• Breakers - Do any show signs of damage or discoloration from excessive heat? This can indicate a overloaded circuit.

• Wiring - Scan for any damaged, worn or loose wire connections. This is a major fire risk.

• Voltage meter - Use a multimeter to check for voltage abnormalities like low or high voltage.

• Compare phases - For three-phase systems, check that the loads are balanced across each phase. Imbalance can strain the circuits.

• Service capacity - Verify that the total load on the panel doesn't exceed the designed amperage capacity. Overloads can damage wiring and equipment.

Thoroughly inspecting the main panel provides vital clues about potential issues. I may find obvious problems here, or gain direction on where to investigate next.

Testing Individual Circuits and Devices

For elusive electrical issues, I may need to start testing and isolating specific circuits or devices. Here are helpful troubleshooting steps:

• Turn off loads - Switch off devices on the problem circuit one-by-one until the issue resolves. This narrows down the source.

• Check connections - Inspect junction and outlet boxes for loose, damaged or corroded wires or contacts.

• Reset breakers/GFCIs - Flip them off and back on to see if the issue recurs. Breakers that immediately trip again likely have a serious fault.

• Measure loads - Use a clamp meter to measure current draws of equipment. Compare to device ratings to identify overloads.

• Test with multimeter - Check for abnormal voltage, resistance or current along the circuit's path to pinpoint faults.

• Swap out devices - Try replacing suspect devices like outlets or breakers to see if the problem follows the device or stays on the circuit.

These steps isolate the electrical issue down to specific spots for targeted repairs. They also help rule out components that test normal.

Calling an Electrician

Certain electrical problems can be complex, risky and beyond the ability of building owners to diagnose and repair on their own. As a safety precaution, I engage a licensed electrician for issues like:

• Repeated breaker tripping with no obvious cause

• Damage to high voltage equipment like transformers or service panels

• GFCI outlets that won't reset properly

• Signs of scorched or melted wires indicating high heat levels

• Exposed or cut wires creating live hazards

Electricians have specialized tools and expertise for securely tracing and fixing uncommon electrical issues. They know how to check complex wiring and multi-phase systems. Professional assistance provides peace of mind the problem is fully resolved.

Preventing Future Electrical Problems

Once an unusual electrical issue is corrected, I take proactive steps to help prevent it from recurring, including:

• Upgrading overloaded circuits - Increase their amperage capacity as needed if demand has grown.

• Regular maintenance - Annually inspect panels, wiring and equipment to catch problems early.

• Add GFCI protection - Install ground fault outlets in wet areas or locations prone to arcs/shorts.

• Consider surge protectors - Add surge suppressors to protect equipment from power spikes.

• Replace old wiring - If original wiring is deteriorated or not up to code, a full rewire may be warranted.

• Limit extension cords - Discourage daisy-chaining cords as they can overheat and cause trips.

With some diligence, I can keep unusual electrical issues in my building from creating ongoing disruptions. Paying attention to symptoms, thoroughly troubleshooting problems, bringing in expert assistance when needed, and taking preventative measures are the keys to success.