Introduction
Wiring a shed can seem like an intimidating task, but with some planning and basic electrical knowledge, you can safely wire your shed without hiring an electrician for less than $50. In this guide, I'll walk you through the entire process step-by-step, from assessing your electrical needs to picking the right materials and wiring everything up to code. With the help of this guide, you'll be able to bring power to your shed while saving hundreds of dollars in electrician fees.
Assess Your Electrical Needs
The first step is to determine what kind of power you need in your shed and how much of it you'll require. Here are some key factors to consider:
Lighting
Decide how many light fixtures and outlets you need. More powerful lights like floodlights will require more wattage.
Outlets
Determine how many outlets you need and the amperage required, like for power tools.
Appliances
Consider any larger appliances like a refrigerator or space heater and their electrical demands.
Circuit Breaker
Choose an appropriate circuit breaker size like 15 or 20 amps based on your total electrical load.
By calculating your lighting, outlets, and appliance needs, you can properly size your electrical system. It's better to overestimate your needs slightly.
Choose the Right Materials
You'll need some basic materials for shedding wiring:
- Wire - 12/2 or 14/2 NM electrical wire rated for outdoor use.
- Conduit - Flexible PVC conduit to protect wire runs.
- Breaker - GFCI circuit breaker suitable for your electrical needs.
- Outlet Boxes - Weatherproof outdoor outlet boxes.
Tools like wire strippers, a voltage tester, and safety gear are also essential. You may also need additional supplies like junction boxes, wire connectors, and mounting hardware.
Shopping around can help you get quality materials at the best prices. Buying wire and breaker boxes in bulk saves a lot.
Running the Wire to the Shed
With your materials purchased, you can start the wiring process:
Step 1: Turn Off Power
Turn off power at the main breaker before doing any work. Verify it's off with a voltage tester.
Step 2: Run Conduit to Shed
Trench conduit 18-24 inches deep from the house to the shed. Use smooth sweeps and long radii.
Step 3: Fish Wire Through Conduit
Carefully pull the electrical wire through the conduit leaving some extra wire on both ends.
Step 4: Install GFCI Breaker
Install a GFCI breaker in the main service panel sized for your electrical load.
Installing Receptacles and Lights
Next, you can add receptacles, switches, and lighting inside your shed:
Step 1: Mount Outlet Boxes
Securely mount weatherproof outdoor outlet boxes where needed.
Step 2: Connect Wires
Connect the wires to outlets and light fixtures using proper connectors. Follow diagrams.
Step 3: Install Lights
Mount any lights and connect wires to them as well. Follow all housing instructions.
Step 4: Attach Faceplates
Attach weatherproof faceplates to all outlets and light fixtures. Caulk any openings.
Wrapping Up the Installation
You're almost done with the hard work at this point:
Step 1: Secure Wires
Use insulated staples to securely fasten all wires inside the shed every 18-24 inches.
Step 2: Label Breakers
Properly label the new breaker controlling the shed circuit.
Step 3: Test Circuit
Turn power back on and carefully test all lights, outlets, and controls. Verify proper function.
Safety First! Follow all local codes and permit requirements. Bury wire at proper depths. Take precautions against shock and electrocution.
You Did It! Enjoy Your Powered Shed
With the basic guidelines above, you can save hundreds of dollars by safely wiring your own shed in a weekend. Taking the time to properly assess your needs, buy the right materials, and follow safe wiring practices is key. While working at heights on ladders, be extremely cautious.
Wiring a shed yourself without an electrician is a rewarding project. You'll gain valuable electrical skills and have power wherever you need it in your shed. Now it's time to start enjoying that brand new wired shed!