Outdoor lighting can greatly enhance the aesthetics and functionality of your home's exterior. However, running new 120V AC wiring to power outdoor lights can be complicated, expensive, and in some cases, against electrical codes. Fortunately, low voltage outdoor lighting provides a simple, safe, and cost-effective alternative to 120V mains wiring.
What is Low Voltage Outdoor Lighting?
Low voltage outdoor lighting refers to lighting systems that operate on 12V DC or 24V DC electricity, rather than the 120V AC current that powers most household lighting. The lower voltage allows for safer installation and operation.
Some key advantages of low voltage outdoor lighting include:
-
Safety - The lower voltage significantly reduces the risk of electric shock or electrocution.
-
Lower installation costs - No need to run new 120V wiring. Low voltage lights can be powered by simple direct burial cable.
-
Flexibility - Low voltage lighting systems can be easily expanded or modified. Just connect additional fixtures to the existing cables.
-
Energy efficiency - LED and halogen low voltage lights consume far less electricity than incandescent.
Low Voltage Lighting Components
A complete low voltage outdoor lighting system consists of three main components:
Low Voltage Fixtures
This includes the actual low voltage light fixtures, which may use LED, halogen, or incandescent bulbs. Fixtures come in a wide variety of styles for path lighting, spot lighting, post-mount lighting, and more. They run on 12V or 24V DC.
Power Transformer
The transformer converts 120V AC household current into 12V or 24V DC to operate the lights. The transformer is installed at a convenient indoor location with access to an electrical outlet.
Low Voltage Cables
Outdoor-rated low voltage cables connect the transformer to the light fixtures, allowing them to operate at the lower voltage. Cables are laid beneath the ground for a hidden look.
Low Voltage vs 120V Mains Wiring
Below is a comparison between low voltage outdoor lighting and 120V mains wired lighting:
| Low Voltage | 120V Mains Wiring | |
|---|---|---|
| Safety | Very safe due to lower voltage | Higher voltage increases risk of electrocution |
| Installation Cost | Lower - no electrician needed | Higher - electrician typically required |
| Expanding System | Easy to add fixtures | More complex to add new wiring and circuits |
| Energy Efficiency | Excellent with LED and halogen | Dependent on bulb type |
As you can see, low voltage lighting provides a feature-packed yet safe and affordable alternative to 120V mains wiring for outdoor illumination.
Low Voltage Lighting Techniques and Tips
Here are some helpful techniques and tips to employ when installing your low voltage outdoor lighting system:
-
Carefully measure cable runs from the transformer to each desired light fixture location. Underestimating the distances will result in lights dimming at the end of a run.
-
Bury low voltage cables at a depth of 6 to 8 inches below the ground. This protects the cables and provides a clean, invisible look.
-
Use cable of an appropriate gauge (thickness) for the length of the run. Longer runs require thicker gauge cable to minimize voltage drop.
-
Allow for some slack and extra cable at each end to simplify connections and modifications.
-
Use gel-filled cables for installations subject to moisture. The gel prevents water ingress.
-
Connect multiple lights in a series wiring configuration rather than parallel. This minimizes voltage drop across long cable runs.
-
Install a timer or photosensor to automatically turn the lighting system on at dusk and off at dawn. This adds convenience and saves energy.
Recommended Low Voltage Lighting Manufacturers
Some top manufacturers of quality low voltage outdoor lighting products include:
-
Kichler - Very extensive collection of low voltage landscape lighting. Products available at Home Depot.
-
Hinkley Lighting - Focus on decorative low voltage lighting fixtures. Sold through lighting showrooms.
-
FX Luminaire - High-performance landscape and outdoor lighting. Used by professionals.
-
Unique Lighting Systems - Diverse range of low voltage spotlights, floodlights, deck lights, and path lights.
-
Volt Lighting - Manufactures modern, contemporary low voltage outdoor fixtures.
Be sure to purchase components designed and rated for outdoor use to handle the weather conditions. Also check that the transformer has sufficient capacity to power all fixtures in your lighting plan.
Conclusion
For most homeowners, low voltage outdoor lighting provides an optimal way to illuminate gardens, pathways, patios, and other exterior living spaces. The lower voltage allows for safer DIY installation. Long cable runs and expansions are simple with minimal voltage drop. And low voltage systems beautifully accent the home while avoiding the hassles of trenching and installing new 120V wiring. With proper planning and product selection, you can create a stunning and functional low voltage lighting system to enhance your home's curb appeal.